Presentation on the topic of human history. Presentation on the topic "The beginning of human history"

Sections: Primary school

Lesson objectives:

1. give students an idea of ​​primitive people;
2. develop horizons, speech and memory in learning
3. cultivate interest in history.

Lesson progress

I. Organizational moment.

The lesson begins
It will be useful for the guys,
Try to understand everything
Interesting to know.

II. Introductory conversation.

Today we will begin studying the second book, “The World Around Us.” Open the table of contents and see what we will study in this book? (Children's answers. History)

Little son came to his father
And the little one asked:
“Is it good to know history, or is it bad?”

What is history? (Children's answers. History is the science of the past. History studies how different peoples lived, what events took place.)

Slide 1 “History is the science of the past.”

History is a science that studies how different peoples lived, what events took place in their lives, how and why people’s lives changed and became the way they are now. History is a very ancient word. Translated from Greek, it means “research, a story about the events of the past.”

Slide 2 “Ancient Greek scientist Herodotus.”

Almost 2.5 thousand years have passed since a Greek named Herodotus first introduced people to his scientific work. Herodotus called his work “History”, he became the first scientist-historian, we call him “the father of history”. History teaches us justice and helps us take a fresh look at the world around us.

History is a journey through time. It goes back centuries, into hoary antiquity.

And today we begin our journey along this road.

Slide 3 “History of Humanity.”

The history of mankind can be divided into several large eras:

Primitive history;
- history of the Ancient world;
- history of the Middle Ages;
- history of modern times;
- history of modern times.

III. New topic.

Slide 4. The beginning of human history.

Read the topic of the lesson. What do you think will be discussed? (Children’s answers. About our ancestors, about primitive people.)

Slide 5. The primitive world.

Today we will go on a journey through the primitive world. What you need to know:

1. Why is the most ancient era of human history called primitive?
2. Find the distinctive features of primitive man from modern man.

How did people learn about primitive people? (Children’s answers. Scientists are excavating, extracting from the ground things of ancient people, their bones.)
- Who knows what the scientists who carry out excavations are called? (Children’s answers. By archaeologists.)

Archeology is the science of antiquity. It studies the history of society through the remains of people's lives and activities. Scientists believe that the most ancient people, “traces” of which were found in Africa and Asia, lived more than a million years ago. Based on the remains of the skeletons of ancient people, it was possible to establish what they looked like.

Slide 6-13. Primitive man who lived about a million years ago.

The earliest man was very different from you and me - modern people - and looked like a large ape. However, people did not walk on four legs, as almost all animals walk, but on two legs, but at the same time they leaned forward strongly. The man’s hands, hanging down to his knees, were free, and he could do simple work with them: grab, hit, dig the ground. People's foreheads were low and sloping. Their brains were larger than those of apes, but significantly smaller than those of modern humans. The ancient man could not yet speak; he made only a few abrupt sounds, with which people expressed anger and fear, called for help and warned each other about danger.

IV. Physical education minute.

Watch the video “The Origin of Man.”

Work in groups. The first group, “young historians,” receive an assignment.

Look at the pictures on page 5. Find the distinctive features of primitive man from modern man.
- Read the text on pages 4-6 and try to answer the question. Why is the most ancient era of human history called primitive?
- Second group (gifted children). Write a story about primitive man.

V. Consolidation of what has been learned.

Why did primitive people live in groups? (Children's answers: It was impossible to cope with the difficulties of life alone.)
- Why didn’t they need to worry about warm clothes? (Children's answers. They lived where it was always warm.)
- Why did primitive people build houses? (Children's answers. They needed houses in order to protect themselves from scorching sun rays, bad weather, and predators.)
- Why did they make tools? (Children's answers. Butcher, cut the skin of an animal)
-What did the men do? (We went hunting and fishing.)
-What did the women do? (They picked fruits from trees, looked for eggs of birds and turtles, dug up edible roots, collected what nature gave them.)
- Why did primitive artists paint animals? (People’s lives depended on successful hunting of these animals.)

A story about primitive man.

Example story:

The earliest man was very different from modern man; he looked like a large ape, but walked on two legs. The arms were long, hanging down to the knees. The foreheads were low and sloping. The ancient man could not yet speak; he made only a few abrupt sounds, with which people expressed anger and fear, called for help and warned each other about danger.

We lived where it was always warm. Therefore, they did not need to worry about warm clothes. Houses were built to protect themselves from the weather and predators. Most of the time of primitive people was spent searching for food. Women and children picked fruits from trees, found edible roots, and looked for bird and turtle eggs. And the men got meat by hunting. At that time, mammoths lived on earth.

What was the life of people like at the end of primitive history? (People not only engaged in hunting and fishing, but also began to engage in agriculture and cattle breeding. They taught
They tried to build strong houses, make tools, sew clothes, make pottery).

Hunting and gathering occupied a very important place in the life of primitive people. But the success of hunting and gathering depends on the vagaries of nature: either a forest fire will destroy trees with edible fruits and drive away animals, or drought will destroy the grass that gave people edible grain. And then one day the women noticed that in the place where grains were usually ground on a stone grater, spikelets with the same grains grew. They guessed that it was randomly scattered grains that had sprouted. We tried to scatter the grains on purpose - it worked, and how: where one grain fell, a whole spikelet grew, or even several. Now it was possible to grow grain near the house, and not wander through forests and meadows in search. It happened that men, having killed, for example, a wild pig while hunting, brought home the remaining piglets. They placed the cubs in a pen, fed them, raised them, and it turned out that now failure in the hunt is not scary for people: here it is, food - in the pen near the house. This is how agriculture and cattle breeding arose, and people began to depend less on the vagaries of nature.

VI. Lesson summary.

Why is the most ancient era of human history called primitive?
- How does primitive man differ from modern man?
- Children, what interesting things can you tell your loved ones about primitive man?

Homework: Write a story about primitive man.

“Ancient Man” - Polis community. ARISTOTLE “Man is for the polis, not the polis for man.” Corporeal-mental abstraction is part of the cosmos. Personalization. Images of the world and man in antiquity. Community-tribal structures. Protecting the interests of an individual (individual). Mixed form of government = ancient ideal + +.

"Ancient Man" - Sudan. The earliest man was very similar to a monkey. 2. The most ancient tools. Lesson plan. In a word, animal-like features predominated in the appearance of ancient people. For example, in East Africa. People's gait was not yet completely straight, it was jumping. People didn't know how to talk yet. 3. How did the most ancient people hunt?

“Ancient Civilizations” - Establish a connection between the properties of metals and the culture of ancient civilizations. Bronze. The production of iron products was mastered. Objectives of the work: The benefits of metal both in ancient civilizations and in the modern world. Among the Egyptians, Assyrians, Phoenicians, and Etruscans, bronze casting reached significant development.

“Ancient World” - Gou NPO RME “Professional Lyceum No. 23”. Purpose of the lesson: Test yourself. Bronze Age. Assyria. Main stages of the lesson: Iron Age. Palestine. Ancient civilizations of Western Asia: Mesopotamia. Check sheet. Terms: PRIMITIVE MAGIC Animism Totemism Fetishism Taboo. Babylon. Phoenicia. Lesson. Periods of primitive history: Stone Age.

“Primitive people” - Neanderthal tools. 300-40 thousand years ago. Rock painting. 30 thousand years ago and later. Based on the remains of skulls, bones, tools, excavations of ancient dwellings. Hunting of Neanderthals. Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon. Australopithecus - Lucy. 3-4 million years ago. Neanderthals - life in a cave. 300-40 thousand years ago.

"Shamans" - Hat. Rock paintings of shamans. Clothes of shamans of different nations. Mallets. Suspension. Drawings of shamans. Necklace. Shaman's jacket. Bib. Work on the NQF history. Drawings on a tambourine. Chire is a shaman's cane. Mallet. Shoes. Tambourine.

There are a total of 22 presentations in the topic

Slide presentation

Slide text:

Slide text: History - the science of the past The first historian Stages of human development Primitive history Australopithecus Homo habilis Pithecanthropus Neanderthal Cro-Magnon Tools Mastery of fire Culture

Slide text:

Slide text: 1. A person doing excavations. 2. An institution that collects, stores and displays historical objects. 3. The institution where the documents are stored. 4. An item on display in a museum. 5. Table with a list of all days of the year. 6. Science that studies the past of mankind. 7. Business paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A r c h e o l o g o g M u e u e ar h i v e x p o n t a l d a n d a r y HISTORY o c u m e n t

Slide text: He is called the “father of history.” Almost two and a half thousand years have passed since a Greek named Herodotus first introduced people to his scientific work. He called his work "History"

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Slide text: 5 thousand BC e. 5th century AD 15th century AD 1900 3.5 million years ago

Slide text: Why is the most ancient era in human history called primitive?

Slide text:

Slide No. 10

Slide text: Archaeological excavations indicate that the first people appeared in eastern Africa. WHY? Here the Englishman Evans discovered the remains of Australopithecus (southern man), who lived about 5 million years ago

Slide No. 11

Slide text: Australopithecines - (3 million years ago) southern monkeys, the bones of which were first discovered in the Kalahari Desert (South Africa) in 1924. Australopithecines are considered to be all bipedal monkeys, with a brain volume of up to 880 cm³. They were little different from animals. They ate carrion and dug up roots. They could move in a straightened state, hold a stone or a stick in their hands.

Slide No. 12

Slide text: Find the distinctive features of Australopithecus from modern humans

Slide No. 13

Slide text: By what signs can one determine that this is an australopithecus?

Slide No. 14

Slide text: Scientists call the ancient people who used tools Homo habilis - “handy man” - 2.5 million years ago. Their appearance has changed greatly - the volume of the skull has increased, the front jaw has decreased, and the hair on the body has disappeared. They couldn't speak yet. Signals were given by shouts and gestures.

Slide No. 15

Slide text: Over time, ancient people changed the location of their homes. If australopithecines lived in trees (Why?), then habilis began to build homes on their own. Sometimes they drove wild animals out of the caves and settled them. People lived in herds. Why?

Slide No. 16

Slide text: Pitheca antropus (“Javanese man”, ape-man, “upright man”) - about 400-600 thousand years ago. He learned to make tools from stone - scrapers, axes, chisels. I started using fire and cooking food on fire. Used collective hunting.

Slide No. 17

Slide text: By what signs can one determine that this is a Pithecanthropus?

Slide No. 18

Slide text: NEANDERTHAL - “reasonable man”, Homo sapiens. Skeletal remains of Neanderthals have been discovered in Europe, Asia and Africa. Time of existence 250 thousand years ago. They improved the tools of Pithecanthropus, wore clothes made of skins and knew how to build simple dwellings, and learned to make fire. They began to bury the dead and take care of the younger and weaker.

Slide No. 19

Slide text: By what signs can one determine that these are Neanderthals?

Slide No. 20

Slide text: Cro-Magnon man - 40 thousand years ago. The volume of the brain is 1200-1500 cm³. Height is about 180 cm. They lived in communities of 15-30 people and for the first time in history they created settlements. The dwellings were caves, tents made of skins, and dugouts are found in Eastern Europe. They spoke speech, made stone and bone tools, and painted on the walls.

Slide No. 21

Slide text: By what signs can one determine that these are Cro-Magnons?

Slide No. 22

Slide text: He had developed articulate speech, built houses, dressed in clothes made from skins, and pottery was developed. They lived in a tribal society, began to domesticate animals and engage in farming. Numerous finds indicate the presence of a cult of hunting. The animal figures were pierced with arrows, thus killing the animal. The Cro-Magnon man knew how not only to engrave and draw on a plane, but also learned to convey three-dimensional images. The Cro-Magnons had funeral rites. Household items, food, and jewelry were placed in the grave. The dead were sprinkled with blood-red ochre, they put nets on their hair, bracelets on their hands, flat stones were placed on their faces, and they were buried in a bent position (the knees touched the chin).

Slide No. 23

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Slide No. 24

Slide text: Fishing hooks

Slide No. 25

Slide text: Who did what?

Slide No. 26

Slide text: Initially, people took fire from trees that caught fire after being struck by lightning. It was strictly monitored, and if the fire went out, the culprits were expelled. This method of producing fire was very unreliable and people began to look for how to get a flame without depending on nature.

Slide No. 27

Slide text: The use of fire changed people's lives. Why? The most important consequence was the consumption of boiled or fried food. This led to a sharp jump in human mental development. In a short time, after mastering fire, ancient man acquired a modern appearance.

Slide No. 28

Slide text: Film

Slide No. 29

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Slide No. 30

Slide text: Choose the correct answer The ancient people who lived in South Africa were called First, the ancient people lived... The ancient people got the first fire... Pithecanthropus Homo habilis Australopithecus in trees in caves in huts hitting stones by rubbing sticks from forest fires

Slide 2

What is history and what does it study?

• History is the science of the past.
• History studies how different peoples lived and what events took place.