Algorithm for drawing up a business plan. How to write a business plan: step by step instructions, tips and tricks

I know a lot about business planning. Planned and opened 3 family businesses. Drafted 4 business plans for grants and one subsidy from the Employment Center. Helped a few friends formulate their ideas, edited dozens of documents for clients, reviewed hundreds of submissions from business loan applicants.

For two years I worked in a credit institution that financed a business. Beginners and experienced entrepreneurs applied for funds, and we assessed the prospects and payback of the idea, drew up a business plan or corrected the client's existing calculations. Information about the applicant was presented at a meeting of the credit committee, where they collectively made a decision to issue the requested amount or to refuse.

In order to convince all loan officers to vote “yes” for financing, it was necessary to dismantle all possible risks project and find solutions for any situation, protect the creditor's money from all sides, provide options for withdrawal if everything goes according to a negative scenario.

The discussion of business projects at the credit committee was structured as follows:

- And what if he divorces his wife, who will sell in his store, because she is now standing behind the counter herself?

- Hire a second salesperson. By the way, for a loan, the wife acts as a guarantor, so she will take on half of the debt during a divorce.

- What will happen to the debt when the “off season” for sales comes?

- In the off-season, in the schedule, I propose to reduce monthly payments so that the client “pulls” this amount during a period of reduced profits.

“And if his warehouse is robbed?”

– The warehouse is guarded, but we still insure inventory- this Insurance Company pays a refund within a couple of weeks without nit-picking and delays, so the client will quickly recover the losses and be able to order a new batch of goods.

Become such a strict commission for your own project and go through all the weak points of the business to find a plan B and C for any situation. Discuss the idea and brainstorm with friends. Better find possible problems and think over their decisions on paper even before opening a company, rather than risk and incur unnecessary costs later.

Quite everyday situations can turn into a disaster for microbusinesses and problems for large enterprise. Take this into account when planning so that you don’t suddenly go into the negative.

My experience will help you draw up a business plan and get funding for it. It can be used to approach private investors, apply for a bank loan, or apply for a grant for start-up entrepreneurs from the local government.

Using the example of my new family business - a small blacksmith shop - I will show you how to create a business plan to raise funds from the budget.

A business plan is a document that comprehensively describes the idea, project, work and results of such work. It takes into account everything from launch and recruitment schedules to different scenarios development and payback period. AT full version The document lists possible risks and options for minimizing them.

What is the difference from TEO?

A feasibility study is a feasibility study for launching a project. The calculations in it relate only to the necessary investments, upcoming costs, expected income, payback period. It calculates the financial benefit from the planned activities. A feasibility study can be drawn up when a separate issue is being resolved, for example, about transferring accounting to.

A business plan, compared to a feasibility study, covers a wider range of issues, including promotion and marketing of the project, organizational measures, and risk assessment. The social component of a startup is also considered here. A business plan is a more comprehensive document; it is needed when opening a restaurant or store.

Why do you need a business plan

The business plan shows the seriousness of the entrepreneur's intentions and the depth of his immersion in the topic. He needs this himself in order to understand what awaits in the process, how to avoid problems and get.

But this document is most important when raising funds. Without a business plan, an investor, loan officer or administration official will not discuss the possibility of issuing loans or budget funds.

Let's go back to our forge. My husband and I need a business plan for internal use - in order to understand what launch costs will be needed, how much and what will have to be purchased, what and how to arrange for legal work, what income is possible, what to produce and how to sell.

But another purpose of compiling a BP is to apply for a grant. At the district level, budgetary funds are distributed to support start-up entrepreneurs. It is possible to receive up to 300,000 rubles free of charge when passing a competitive selection, during which the commission evaluates the business plan and its performance. To get around and get, you need to correctly compose this document and correctly present your project.

Internal - for acceptance management decisions. A businessman needs such a document for himself, for partners, for employees.

External - to attract funding and state support, search for an investor. It is compiled for communication with banks, applying to the district / city administration for a grant or subsidy, negotiations with possible partners.

The tasks that different business plans solve are different. It is impossible to draw up one document and go with it for a loan, and for budget support, and in search of a private investor.

1. Money from the budget

Tasks of the business plan when attracting budgetary funds:

Demonstrate your vision of the project, convince officials distributing funds that you understand the chosen area and understand where to start. They do not care how and what you will do in the course of work, the main thing is that your business stays afloat for at least 3-5 years. That is how much they track the fate of support recipients.
Choose a priority direction of development: make and sell what the market needs, engage in those services that are lacking in the area, meet demand different categories population. This is important, again, to improve statistics in the area, so that the authorities can report that consumer market develops.
Confirm social significance project: job creation and employment of the unemployed, youth, disabled people, parents with many children - the more workers a business needs, the better. The number of new jobs is one of the project evaluation criteria.
Calculate the budgetary efficiency of the business - the volume of tax and non-tax revenues, including insurance premiums for employees and the more you plan to pay the state, the higher the likelihood of a grant. Ideally, these revenues should cover the cost of providing you with a grant in a couple of years, and then cover them.

Consider all these points when drawing up a business plan in order to correctly place the accents.

All indicators of the business plan and forecasts will be checked after the issuance of budget funds - once a quarter, six months or a year, the commission will go to the site and request financial documentation and reporting from you, and compare the indicators with the planned ones. If you do not hire employees or start delivering products to local stores as promised, then you may be forced to return the money, as you have not fulfilled your obligations under the contract. Therefore, on paper, do not overestimate the numbers and do not embellish anything, approach planning more realistically.

2. Bank loan

If you decide to apply for money to a bank, then a business plan for a loan will perform other tasks:

To prove understanding of the project by the entrepreneur himself, to give a calendar plan that will help to draw up a debt repayment schedule.
Calculate the amount of income and expenses, taking into account mandatory payments to repay the loan.
List the risks of non-repayment of the loan and suggest possible ways to minimize them - surety, insurance, pledge of property.

The lender needs the client to reach the planned income and be able to fulfill his obligations without delays and failures, even in case of emergency. In the business plan for the bank, it is necessary to focus on this. He does not care about the number of jobs created or the amount of taxes paid, more important is the financial stability of the borrower.

3. Investor funds

For the investor, the financial component of the project is also important, he needs information about the payback period of investments. When investing his money, he must understand how quickly he will get some results - a return of money, part of the profit.

The business plan should immediately provide for options for distributing profits among investors, providing them with a share in the company, and the degree of involvement in the work.

4. Internal resources

A business plan "for yourself" can perform any task and contain a wide variety of information about the future or operating enterprise. It can be used to prepare a report for management and shareholders with calculations and arguments in favor of expanding production, opening a new outlet, entering the market of another region, developing a product line.

In such a document, you can delve into the details, paint all the nuances and take into account not only financial questions, but also organizational work, marketing policy, production moments.

There is no universal business plan, you always need to understand what and for whom it is intended and, taking this into account, draw it up.

To receive a grant, the business plan of the forge must tell more about what it will give to the district, what benefits the budget will receive from its opening.
So, be sure to indicate that the nearest forge is located in another area of the region 200 km away, so the opening of a new enterprise will provide local residents with affordable products. And it will be suitable for domestic needs and satisfy the needs of all categories of the population - hardware tools, interior items, furniture.
It should be emphasized that in the first year the entrepreneur-blacksmith himself will be employed, and in the second year it is planned to hire one more employee as assistants. This will create 2 jobs.
It is also worth calculating in detail how much insurance premiums a self-employed entrepreneur will pay for himself, and how much for an employee next year.
An employee's salary must be more than average level wages in the relevant industry by region. So, in the Novgorod region, statistics say that workers in the manufacturing sector receive an average of 32,000 rubles. Payments to the employee in the calculations must be indicated not less than this amount.
This will need to be mentioned in short description project - that part of the business plan that will be read and carefully studied by all members of the competition committee.
If we went to the bank for a loan, then the emphasis would be on other details - payback, stable income, profitability, which allows you to repay the requested amount with interest.

The main sections of the business plan

Any business plan should contain a comprehensive description of the project so as not to miss important information. The main sections can be called differently, be combined or divided into additional subsections, but their content must be in the document.

What sections does a business plan include

Detailed content of business plan sections

What to write about in the main points of this document in order to get a complete picture of the development of the company?

Business Description

date of creation, official registration of IP or legal entity.

Distribution of shares in the company between partners, co-founders, investors.

Businessman experience before that - education, experience as an employee. It is not necessary to indicate the entire working biography and attach diplomas, unless this directly relates to a new project. So, when a businessman planning to open a cafe has worked for several years as a manager in a catering business, this will be his plus. If he graduated from the university with a degree in restaurant business, then this is another point in the piggy bank of his experience. And if he has been twisting nuts in a car service all his life, trained as a veterinarian and then suddenly swung at the opening of a bar, information about education and experience will be superfluous.

Place of registration, area of business. You need to specify not only the address, but also the general coverage of the territory.

Goals and objectives of the project. Here you need to describe the field of activity, and also measurable results - open 1 cafe for 30 seats, sell 500 kg of pastries daily, etc.

I will show you how to describe an enterprise in a business plan, using the example of a forge. The Project Description section contains the following information:

The date of registration of IP is May 2018.
Business - the entrepreneur will conduct independently, without the involvement of partners. The employee will be hired in the spring of 2019.
The entrepreneur was engaged in forging in his home workshop for a year. In the spring of 2018, he rented a room for a forge on the production site, equipped it and continued to work.
At the end of 2017, he completed a three-month course “Hand Artistic Forging” at the Academy of Metalworking (St. Petersburg) and received the qualification of “blacksmith” (a copy of the certificate of education is attached).
The goal of the project is to open a forge on the territory of the N district for production and sale to the population forged products.
By 2019, it is planned to produce products worth 250,000 rubles a month.

Sales market assessment. You need to estimate the size of the market, the population, the number of potential customers. It is quite difficult to do this without full-fledged marketing research. Therefore, it is worth looking for ready-made results of such an assessment for your region. In the extreme case, you can predict effective demand approximately.

The main thing is to formulate sales tasks for yourself: will you work only within the microdistrict, open retail outlets throughout the city, deliver products for sale throughout the district, or will you deliver outside of it.

How exactly you plan to reach your target audience, how you will choose suitable promotion channels, you will describe in detail in the “Marketing Plan” section, now indicate only the direction.

Competitors. Make a list of your competitors who are already operating in this market.

Not only direct competitors offering similar goods and services are taken into account, but also those companies that produce replacement products and provide alternative services. If your city does not have a specialized tea boutique, this does not mean that the market is clear of competitors: you will have to fight for customers with those department stores and supermarkets that also sell various varieties of tea.

There are no other blacksmiths involved in artistic forging on the territory of the district center itself and neighboring districts. Nearest company selling similar products self made located at a distance of 250 km (in the regional center).
Hardware and factory-made entrenching tools - pokers, staples, machetes, axes, accessories - are offered in 6 hardware stores in the district, but consumers complain about their low quality, and monitoring of goods has shown that such goods do not last long. Handmade forged products are more durable, and the local blacksmith can compete with factory suppliers, guaranteeing not only high quality, but also sharpening of the tool, its repair, production with the necessary sizes under the order. Forged decorative interior elements and household items - door handles, hooks for gates and gate hinges, hangers and coat hooks - are rare in stores, mainly plastic products are sold. Forged garden furniture - benches, gazebos, lanterns, tables - is not sold in the area.
These products are in steady demand among the local population. Products of manual artistic forging are bought not only by rural residents for their village houses, but also by summer residents, owners tourist bases and suburban cafes.
The forge will supply goods to the market of the N-sky district, conclude contracts with shops for the supply of products for sale, and participate in craft fairs in St. Petersburg and Moscow.

Production plan

Business processes. Write a list of equipment, tools, raw materials and materials that are required to create the selected range of goods and services. Calculate the optimal production volumes that your equipment can handle. Specify which employees and with what load you will need.

Products. List the products, services and works that you will offer to customers. Calculations on the costs of organizing business processes will allow you to find out the cost and draw up a price list.

Starting investments. Calculate how much money you will need to start the project. Sum up the cost of all assets, fixed assets, repairs, materials and other costs that will be required to start production.

For example, this section might look like this:

For work, the forge must be equipped with ventilation, a mining furnace, an anvil with a hammer, a vice, a table for cutting metal, a spray booth for processing finished products heat-resistant paint, anti-rust and other coatings. All this has already been done by the entrepreneur himself.
The following equipment and tools will increase the efficiency and productivity of the following equipment and tools: a grinder for sharpening blades (40,000 rubles), a grinder for cutting metal (5,000 rubles), a grinder for processing forged products (10,000 rubles), a welding machine (20,000 rubles). .), mechanical hammer (from 150,000 rubles). The total cost of equipping the forge is 225,000 rubles.
In the manufacture of products, metal is used - a profile, sheet iron, fittings, wire. Raw materials are purchased in small bulk at a metal depot in a neighboring area, delivery is carried out by the supplier's transport. The cost of a batch of raw materials and materials, including delivery, is 10,000 rubles. In a month, taking into account the load and the amount of work, there can be 2-4 batches.
Forging requires coal and gas in cylinders. Combined hearth allows you to process metal by heating it with coal or gas. The average consumption of these types of fuel per month is 1,500 rubles and 2,000 rubles, respectively.
Ventilation supply and exhaust, electric. It is used to maintain the desired temperature in the hearth and remove combustion products from the room. Electricity consumption is accounted for by a separate meter in the forge and reaches the amount of 2,500 rubles per month.
During the first 9-10 months, the blacksmith will work alone, then it will be necessary to hire a worker to help.
The forge is located on the territory of the carpentry shop, so there will be no problems with the manufacture of mixed products - from wood with forged elements.
List of products: benches, tables, bar stools, flower stands, fireplace sets (poker, scoop, stand for them), floor and wall hangers, coat hooks, latches and hinges for wickets and gates, door handles and cabinets, lamps , coasters for the kitchen under hot or under cutting boards, sickles, machetes, scrapers, knives.
The forge is already working, but not at full capacity. Grant funds are needed to purchase additional equipment. Replenishment current assets You will pay your running costs at your own expense.

organizational plan

Organizational and legal form. Whether an individual entrepreneur or LLC, or some other form of organization, is suitable for the implementation of the selected project. What is the rationale for the choice. What system of taxation is chosen, why is it suitable.

Distribution of founders' roles. If there are several partners, their role in the management and operation of the company is described. What will they do, what will they be responsible for.

Staff. What employees will be needed, who should be hired, who should be temporarily involved, what functions can be outsourced or performed independently.

Settlements with counterparties. how it is planned to receive money from customers, whether it is necessary to open, buy an online cash register, or are there options to make payments somehow differently.

Calendar plan project. What needs to be done and when, what issues should be resolved immediately, which ones later. It is desirable to calculate the cost of each stage in order to clearly show when and how much funding is required.

For a forge, it is enough for a self-employed blacksmith to be individual entrepreneur. This simplifies accounting and reporting. The accounting is carried out by the entrepreneur himself, using the appropriate online services provided to him by the bank.
For settlements with customers and suppliers, a current account is used, and a cash desk will also be purchased, although goods can be sold at fairs without it. When buying a cash register, a special deduction will be used.
After hiring an employee, it will be necessary to register with extra-budgetary funds as an employer, before off-budget funds enough to pay insurance premiums regularly.
The activity is already underway. Upon receipt of the grant, equipment will be purchased, which will increase production volumes.
When issuing budget funds in July, within a month everything will be purchased and installed necessary equipment according to the list (by 225,000 rubles), from August the productivity of the forge will increase several times. The hiring of a worker is planned in the spring of next year - in March-April, before that the blacksmith will work independently.

This section is devoted to channels and methods of promotion, the necessary actions to increase sales, and advertising costs.

Promotion channels. Advertisements in newspapers, commercials on radio and TV, online advertising, creating your own website and group in social networks, advertising in local publics and forums, participation in exhibitions and fairs.

The target audience . Who do you focus on when marketing? Who is your client - by age, gender, occupation, income level. Where to find him and how to contact him.

Promotion cost. How much will it cost to search and attract target audience. How often you will have to run ads, what options it is advisable to choose.

In our example business plan, this section would look like this:

Financial indicators

It is necessary to calculate the cost of production, the planned sales volumes, the necessary costs, the projected income and profit, the profitability of the project. If there are many and different products, it is not necessary to provide all the calculations in the business plan, they can be placed in a separate application, and all indicators are calculated based on the average cost value. You need to show your own contribution to the project, the need for borrowed funds. If necessary, repay the loan - an approximate repayment schedule. When paying to an investor - calculation of his share of profits.

Risk assessment

External factors . Emergency and natural disasters, the negative impact of local authorities, a new competitor, a change in the economic situation and a drop in incomes of the population.

Internal factors . Misjudgment of the market, delivery delays, personnel problems, production errors, problems with renting premises, accidents at work.

Risk Mitigation Options. Life, health, property, third party liability insurance. Opportunity to reduce prices, change the assortment, switch to other products, change the circle of potential customers, expand the sales market and find new customers outside the area, region or country. Arrangements with partners and contractors, good personal relations with the authorities, a large number skilled workers in the market who are looking for work, etc.

Something like this will look like the study of part of the risks for the forge:

At first, the income of the forge will depend entirely on the entrepreneur himself. Health problems or injuries will negatively affect the volume of work and profits. Accidents at work can be prevented by observing safety regulations. Then it is planned to hire an employee who will remove the increased workload from the blacksmith himself.
Fire, accidents, equipment breakdowns, natural disasters - the damage from these accidents will be covered by property insurance, which will be issued for the rented premises, equipment and tools in the forge at their market value. The forge had already passed a fire inspection, and representatives of the energy company were also there, they checked the electrical wiring, the extractor on the furnace, ventilation and fire alarms. There were comments, but all the shortcomings were immediately eliminated. The room itself with a separate entrance is located in a brick building and corresponds general requirements to production safety.
In case of problems with the lease, it is possible to quickly move the forge to another place - there are enough suitable empty production areas in the area, the equipment is easily dismantled and can be installed in another place within 1-2 days.
With low demand for products and small trade turnover, the sales market will be expanded, agreements will be obtained for the supply of products for sale to hardware stores in other districts of the region, the most popular goods will be selected, and the assortment policy will be revised. There is no need to change equipment or restructure work - it is enough to purchase other raw materials and materials for the production of other products, for example, forged fences, window bars, gates and wickets, entrance groups and canopies over the porch.
If another competitor appears on the market, the entrepreneur will choose the most profitable niche and produce products that the new market participant will not have, or change the sales strategy and supply finished products to other markets.

Project Summary

This section contains the most important things: the essence of the project, the necessary investments, the results after the launch, development prospects, possible risks and ways to reduce them. The remaining sections with details will be read only if the summary of the business plan is of interest to an investor, creditor, official. Therefore, remember once again what the goal of your project is and indicate important indicators that meet this goal. Repeat what you will produce, how much you plan to receive income, what expenses will be required, how much money you invest yourself, and how much you need to attract.

Common mistakes when writing a business plan

Very optimistic. Insufficient knowledge of the market. Lack of adequate risk assessment.
Copying other people's calculations. Using data without reference to reality and to the specifics of the business.
Without considering the purpose and addressee. a lack of important indicators. A lot of unnecessary information and "water".
Poor design, illiterate presentation of information, negligence in calculations. Confusing presentation and lack of a clear structure.

How to get money for a business plan

Studying the design requirements

When contacting a bank or municipal government to raise funding, ask for application rules. Often this is a simple and clear list. required documents, as well as a list of requirements for the content and design of the business plan. Sometimes even a template of this document is given with sections and subsections already indicated. where you just need to enter your information. There are also wishes for its volume, a list of questions for project analysis, a list of important indicators that you must calculate.

Business plan defense

In some cases, it is necessary not only to draw up this document, but also to defend it before the commission. Bank employees will make a decision on issuing a loan. Officials will assess your level of information proficiency in order to rate you for participation in the competitive selection for a grant, . The investor will get acquainted with your plans and decide whether he needs to participate in this.

With such protection, it is enough to retell the “Project Summary” section and speak the main indicators of the business aloud, answer the questions of the commission members in order to convince them of your readiness and ability to use the funds raised in accordance with the plan.

Download ready-made business plans

Above, we have provided you with the key points that you should rely on when drawing up a competent business plan, however, depending on where you want to provide a business plan, the requirements for its design and content change. Below you will find examples (samples) ready-made business plans(40 pieces), which you can download absolutely free.

Use them to create your business plan, model the most interesting and compelling places, see what numbers and calculations are used, marketing research, competitor analysis and also try to calculate your own project. Also below you will find additional business plan support documents from the Industrial Development Fund, Ministry of Investment and Innovation.

INSTRUCTIONS For ease of searching, all business plans are sorted alphabetically. Click on the desired letter and you will see a list of finished projects.

Brief briefing

You have an idea. You want to create your own business. Excellent. What's next? Next, you need to “sort everything out”, think through the details (as far as possible), in order to first of all understand: is it worth developing this project? Perhaps after researching the market, you will realize that the service or product is not in demand, or you do not have sufficient funds to develop your business. Maybe the project should be improved a little, to abandon unnecessary elements, or, on the contrary, to introduce something?

A business plan will help you consider the prospects of your venture.

End justifies the means?

Starting to write a business plan, remember its goals and functions. First of all, you carry out preparatory work in order to understand how realistic the achievement of the planned results is, how much time and money are needed to implement the plan.

In addition, a business plan is necessary to attract investors, receive a grant or a bank loan. That is, it should include information about the potential profit of the project, the necessary costs and the payback period. Think about what is important and interesting for your recipients to hear.

Use a little cheat sheet for yourself:

Analyze the market you are going to enter. What leaders-companies exist in this direction. Study their experience and work.
Identify weaknesses and strengths your project, future opportunities and risks. In short, do a SWOT analysis*.

SWOT analysis - (English)strengths,Weaknesses,Opportunities,Threats - strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. A method of planning, developing a strategy that allows you to identify the main factors influencing business development.

Be clear about what you expect from the project. Set a specific goal.

The main goal of the business plan is to help, first of all, you yourself in developing the company's strategy and planning its development, as well as assistance in attracting investments.

So every plan has a structure. Regardless of the specifics of the project and the requirements of investors, a business plan, as a rule, contains the following elements:

1. Firm CV(short business plan)

Product description
Description of the market situation
Competitive advantages and disadvantages
Brief description of the organizational structure
Distribution Money(investment and own)

2. marketing plan

Definition of a “problem” and your solution
Definition of the target audience
Market and competition analysis
Free niche, unique selling proposition
Methods and cost of attracting customers
Sales channels
Stages and terms of market conquest

3. Plan for the production of goods or services

Organization of production
Infrastructure features
Production resources and areas
Production equipment
Production process
Quality control
Calculation of investments and depreciation

4.Workflow organization

Organizational structure of the enterprise
Distribution of powers and responsibilities
Control system

5. Financial plan and risk forecast

Cost estimate
Calculation of the cost of a product or service
Calculation of profit and loss
Investment period
Break even point and payback point
Cash flow forecast
Risk Forecast
Ways to minimize risks

It is clear that a business plan is one whole and its parts are inextricably linked with each other. However, a well-designed structure will help you not to forget the important, as well as to look deeper into each of the aspects.

Company resume. Briefly about the main

Marketing plan. There are empty seats?

When drawing up a marketing plan, you will have to analyze the market you are going to enter. Thus, you will identify trends for yourself, collect information about competitors and get to know your consumer, your target audience better.

Assessing potential client, his interests and preferences, you must determine the optimal location of the office, outlet, etc. It should be comfortable. Calculate the required number of customers for your business to pay off and compare with the audience living or working around the intended location of the business. For example, for a public service business, this audience should not be less than 2% of the number of people living within a short walk or five-minute drive.

It is possible that the market that you were going to conquer is oversaturated at the moment. Analyze the actions of competitors, create your own strategy, focus on your uniqueness, bring something new to fill an empty niche in a certain area.

Of course, creating something that is not yet on the market is quite difficult. However, you can carefully analyze the situation and open, for example, a point where the consumer really needs it or play on the difference in prices and the level of services provided relative to nearby competitors.

Also, you will definitely have to decide on the sales channels. After reviewing the existing methods on the market - find the best for yourself. Calculate how much it costs you to acquire each client.

Finally, when deciding on pricing, you will need to calculate: which is more profitable? A high price with a small number of sales or a price lower than competitors, but a large client flow. We should also not forget about the service, because for many consumers it is crucial. They are willing to pay a price above the market average, but receive a high quality of service.

Production plan. What are we selling?

Here you will finally tell in detail about the essence of your business: what do you do?

For example, you decide to produce dresses and sell them. In the production plan, indicate the suppliers of fabric and equipment, where you will place the sewing workshop, what will be the volume of production. You will write down the stages of manufacturing products, the necessary qualifications of employees, calculate the necessary deductions to the depreciation fund, as well as logistics. From many factors: from the cost of threads to the cost work force- will depend on the cost of future business.

Prescribing the technology for creating your course product, you will pay attention to many little things that you have not thought about before. There may be questions with the storage of goods or difficulties with imported raw materials, problems with finding employees with the necessary qualifications, etc.

When you have finally written down the entire path of creating a product or service, it's time to calculate how much your project will cost you. It may well be that later, when making financial calculations, you will realize that you need to make adjustments to the production plan: cut some costs or radically change the technology itself.

Organization of the workflow. How will it work?

Will you manage the business alone or with partners? How will decisions be made? These and many more questions you need to answer in the "Organization of the workflow" section.

Here you can register the entire structure of the enterprise and identify duplication of authority, mutual exclusion, etc. Having seen the whole organization scheme, it will be easier for you to optimally distribute rights and responsibilities between departments and employees.

Having understood, first of all, for yourself how your company functions, it will be possible to more effectively develop a system of interaction between structures, a system for monitoring employees and the entire personnel policy.

The importance of this section is that it describes who and how will implement the project in reality.

Financial plan. Main section

The financial section is directly related to all points of the business plan. Therefore, if changes or additions are made to one of the sections, then the financial calculations also change. The reverse process is also possible, if adjustments are made to the financial plan - this means changes in other structures. So, if you understand that you will have to cut costs in order to meet the amount of funds that you have, consider how you will carry out this optimization.

Of course, a business plan is an approximate model of how your project will develop and function. You need to remember that unforeseen situations will also arise, because you start a business in real time, and life is impossible without surprises. However, if you follow the recommendations from BIBOSS, you will be able to draw up a detailed and working business plan that will allow you to avoid many problems.

If you are serious about doing business, a business plan is indispensable. The most successful idea should be supported by a well-designed action plan. The rules for writing a business plan for a small business will help you understand the sequence of actions.

Between dreams of own business and the real thing has little in common - in fantasies we clearly imagine only the result, in business it requires planning. Even the most successful business idea is worthless without a well-written action plan. We will look at the rules for writing a business plan for a small business, and we hope the information will be useful to aspiring entrepreneurs.

When we set out on the road, we plan a route so as not to wander at random; starting a new business requires a similar approach.

What is a business plan

A business plan is a guide to action with a description of the idea, process, implementation mechanisms and goals.

The definition of a specific goal in this chain is crucial, since it is this point that allows you to clearly articulate:

What is your position at the moment, i.e. where is the starting point for starting.
What should you get as a result.
What steps need to be taken to promote and develop the business.

Purpose of the business plan

Drawing up a business plan is useful at the start of any business, but in two cases a plan is required:

To provide investors and creditors, as well as to receive financial support from the state.

The purpose of drawing up a business plan is to confirm the viability of the idea and the efficiency of using money. The information presented in the plan should be detailed, look reliable and logical. For clarity, it is useful to accompany the defense of the business plan with a slide presentation.

Real business plan "For yourself"

A working version of a business plan for "internal use". There is always a difference between "front" and "working" plans.

Development forecast and prospects

Consider several business development options. Try to objectively assess the prospects based on expected income and expenses. Put yourself in the place of an investor and consider whether you would be willing to invest in the company described.

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"Plans are dreams knowledgeable people» Ernst von Feuchtersleben (English scientist, philosopher, literary critic).

Business planning goals

Having chosen your business, you need to decide how you will organize it, which means you need to plan for the near future. Everyone needs a business plan:

Those from whom you will try to borrow money for the implementation of your project, that is, bankers and investors.
Your employees who want to understand their tasks and perspectives.
And you yourself - to test the reasonableness and realism of your ideas.

Business plan is a document that:

Describes all the main aspects of the future enterprise or project.
Analyzes all the problems that it may encounter.
Identifies ways to address identified issues.

A well-written business plan- this is a clear answer to the questions: “is it worth investing in the planned business and will it bring income that will pay off all the effort and money spent?”.

Important! Planning should be carried out by present or future companies, that is, those people who are not afraid to take responsibility for the implementation of the business plan. But this does not mean, of course, that it is not necessary to use the services of consultants and experts in this field. True, for its compilation consulting firms charge decent amounts, ranging anywhere from $2,000 to $40,000. But you can compose it yourself, while incurring minimum costs. By engaging in this work personally, you will not only model your future activities, but also test yourself and the idea itself for strength.

So, main purpose of a business plan: it helps entrepreneurs to solve the following tasks:

– To study the capacity and development prospects of the future sales market.

- Estimate the costs for the production of products needed by the market. Compare them with prices.

- Determine the indicators by which it will be possible to regulate the state of affairs.

Keep in mind! A business plan is usually written for the future, and it should be drawn up approximately 3-5 years in advance. At the same time, for the first year, the main indicators should be divided in monthly breakdown, for the second - quarterly, and only starting from the third year, should be limited to annual indicators. Although if we take into account our economy, its volatility, then planning for a period of more than a year is not entirely effective. Therefore, many now limit themselves to writing a plan for the year.

Business plan structure

The business plan has a complex structure. The whole life of the company from the moment of creation to the moment of stability and stability should be registered business language, yet lucid and lively. A business plan should be understandable to any entrepreneur, financier and banker, as well as potential partners. The confidentiality memorandum is drawn up in order to warn those who get acquainted with the business plan of the confidentiality of the information contained in it. The memorandum may contain a prohibition on copying, on the transfer of the project to third parties and a requirement to return the project to the author.

A business plan should always be short and concise. True, sometimes, in order to reveal the essence of the problem, it is made quite deep in content. Recommended volume: 30 - 70 pages, no more. And it is desirable to make all additional materials in annexes to the business plan.

Remember! It is important to provide metered information.

Here are the main points that you will need to consider:

annotation(up to 1 page) - a written appeal to senior management.
Summary(1-3 pages) - basic information to get acquainted with the business plan.
Business plan(45-60) - for a detailed study of the project by the investor's specialists and experts.

Remember! Any business has its own characteristics, therefore, there cannot be a certain “standard” plan that is acceptable in all cases. There is, so to speak, only general principle, the structure of the business plan.

Summary

Your business should always start with conclusions, you write them last, but they should be the very first paragraph of your business plan. A resume is the result of an already written business plan. This is the only part that most potential investors read.

The purpose of the business plan.
The need for finance, for what purposes they are needed.
Brief description of the business and its target customer.
Key differences from competitors
Key financial indicators.

Business plan:

1. Goals and objectives

Here you will need to provide an idea analysis (SWOT analysis). Uncover strengths and weaknesses, as well as opportunities and threats.

Idea analysis.
The purpose of the activity (what you want to achieve).
Industry characteristics.

2. Product (service)

It is important that this part be written in clear, concise language that is understandable to the layman.

Description of the product or service and its application.
Uniqueness
Technologies and qualifications necessary for business.
License/patent rights.

3. Market analysis

The market and marketing is a decisive factor for all companies. You need to pre-collect and process a large amount of "rough" information.

Buyers.
Competitors (their strengths and weaknesses).
market segments.
Market size and growth.
Estimated market share.
composition of your clientele.
The impact of competition.

4. Marketing plan

At this stage, the main task is to win the trust and favor of a potential investor. If you do not have a special education, you should read books on marketing, contact a specialist.

Marketing arrangement (main characteristics of products, services in comparison with competitors).
Pricing (how to set the right price for a product).
Scheme of distribution of goods.
Sales promotion methods.

5. Production plan

Here you should consider all issues related to the premises that you occupy, their location, equipment, personnel.

Location of premises.
Equipment.
Sources of supply of basic materials and equipment.
Use of subcontractors.

6. Management staff

Investments are made in specific people, not in a business plan, because this section is one of the most important.

Key leadership team.
The composition of the staff.
Reward.

7. Sources and amount of required resources

In this section, you should present your thoughts on:

The amount of funds required.
Sources of their receipt, form, terms.
Refund deadlines.

8. Financial plan and risk analysis

Business people are divided into those who love to work with numbers and those who are afraid of them. For those in the first category, this section of the business plan is by far the most important.

Sales volume, profit, cost, etc.
Risks and how they can be avoided.

9. Detailed financial plan

You need to include in your business plan a detailed financial plan:

Forecast of sales volumes.
Profit and loss estimates.
Cash flow analysis (monthly for the first year, then quarterly).
Annual balance sheet.

And finally, I would like to give a few useful tips for the preparation of a business plan:

To get started, read a few other business plans.
The business plan should reflect your personality.
Preparing a business plan is a job that requires imagination.
Gain experience and skills in the chosen direction.
Write only on days when you are full of energy, not when you are mentally and physically exhausted.

Wish you luck!