Technician refers to the category of specialists or workers. A medical worker belongs to the category of technical performers or specialists

In the reporting on the labor of enterprises and organizations of certain sectors of the sphere material production(industry, construction, transport, state farms and some other production sectors), the number of employees is divided into two groups: workers and employees. The following categories are distinguished from the group of employees: managers, specialists and other employees related to employees.

ConsultantPlus: note.

Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of December 26, 1994 N 367 from January 1, 1996 put into effect the All-Russian Classifier of Professions of Workers, Positions of Employees and tariff categories OK 016-94.

When distributing employees by categories of personnel in statistical reporting on labor, one should be guided by the All-Union Classifier of Worker Occupations, Positions of Employees and Wage Levels (OKPDTR), approved by the State Standard of the USSR on August 27, 1986 N 016.

OKPDTR consists of two sections:

classifier of occupations of workers;

the classifier of positions of employees, which contains the positions of managers, specialists and employees.

33. Workers include persons directly involved in the process of creating wealth, as well as those engaged in repair, movement of goods, transportation of passengers, provision of material services, etc. In OKPDTR, the professions of workers are listed in section 1.

Workers, in particular, include persons employed:

33.1. management, regulation and monitoring of the operation of automatic machines, automatic lines, automatic devices, as well as direct management or maintenance of machines, mechanisms, units and installations, if the labor of these workers is paid at tariff rates or monthly wages of workers;

33.2. the manufacture of material values manually, as well as with the help of the simplest mechanisms, devices, tools;

33.3. construction and repair of buildings, structures, installation and repair of equipment, repair Vehicle;

33.4. movement, loading or unloading of raw materials, materials, finished products;

33.5. at work on the reception, storage and dispatch of goods in warehouses, bases, in storerooms and other storage facilities;

33.6. maintenance of machines, equipment, maintenance of industrial and non-industrial premises;

33.7. driving ground and underground mine workings drilling, testing, testing and development of wells, geological survey, prospecting and other types of geological exploration, if their work is paid at tariff rates or monthly wages of workers;

33.8. machinists, drivers, stokers, turnouts on duty, trackers and artificial structures, loaders, conductors, repair and maintenance workers transport lines, communication lines, for the repair and maintenance of equipment and vehicles, tractor drivers, mechanics, crop and livestock workers;

33.9. postmen, telephonists, telegraph operators, radio operators, telecom operators;

33.10. operators of computers and electronic computers;

33.11. janitors, cleaners, couriers, cloakroom attendants, watchmen.

34. Managers include employees holding the positions of heads of enterprises and their structural divisions. The position in OKPDTR, which has a category code 1, refers to managers.

Leaders include, in particular:

directors (general directors), chiefs, managers, managers, chairmen, commanders, commissars, foremen, foremen of work at enterprises, in structural units and divisions;

main experts: Chief Accountant, chief dispatcher, Chief Engineer, chief mechanical engineer, Chief Metallurgist, Chief Welder, Chief Agronomist, Chief Geologist, Chief Electrician, Chief Economist, Chief Researcher, Chief Editor;

Personnel are persons who are included in labor Relations within a specific legal entity. This is the personnel of the enterprise, which includes employees, owners and co-owners.

The main features of personnel

Before qualification, you need to understand who exactly belongs to the staff. Personnel is characterized by these features:

Involvement in labor relations. The latter must be documented. In particular, an employment agreement must be drawn up.
Characteristics on the basis of which the activity is carried out. For example, it can be qualification, specialty, education, experience.
The existence of an activity goal. The objectives of the work of a specialist should be consistent with the goals of the enterprise.

Personnel management is distinguished by such features as:

Integration into the overall management structure.
Compliance with the existing corporate culture.
Availability of job planning, employee training.
Accounting professional qualities and performance appraisal of employees.
Centralization of management processes.

Employees who are not formalized in any way at the enterprise will not be considered personnel.

Regulatory rationale

Categories of personnel are regulated by the "Instruction for the number of workers at enterprises" No. 17-10-0370, approved by the State Statistics Committee on September 17, 1987. The key document is also the Classifier of Occupations No. 367, approved by the Decree of the State Standard of January 26, 1994. The Ministry of Health and Social Development issued several orders that approve the qualification categories:

Order No. 525 of August 6, 2007. Establishes criteria for assigning personnel representatives to a particular qualification group.
Order No. 248n dated May 29, 2008. Sets the qualification levels of employees.
Order No. 247n dated May 29, 2008. It also establishes qualification levels, but in relation to managers and specialists.

AT regulations these groups of personnel are distinguished:

Positions of workers and employees for which professional education is not required.
Jobs that require primary or secondary education.
Supervisory positions for which initial vocational education is required.
Specialties for which higher education(Qualification "Bachelor").
Positions for which you need to have a higher education with the qualification "certified specialist" or "master".

The need for education is determined depending on the specifics of the activity. Complex intellectual work requires the availability of relevant knowledge and skills. To do a simple job, a basic education is enough.

Main categories of personnel

Personnel is a set of employees of various specializations included in the staff. It is divided into two main categories: production and non-production. Production personnel engaged in labor, the result of which is expressed in material form. For example, these may be people working on the creation of cars, the construction of buildings. Consider the components of the first category:

Workers. Their activities are mostly physical in nature. These employees specialize in the production of goods or in the maintenance of production. For example, it can be builders, cooks. Workers are further divided into two categories. These are the main personnel employed in the main production workshops. It is also support staff. Its representatives work in procurement or service shops.
Employees. Their activities are mainly mental in nature. The result of their work is the identification of management problems, the formation of new information flows, the adoption of various decisions in the field of management. An example of this category would be accountants, lawyers, managers. Employees are further divided into three categories. These are the heads of the enterprise itself or its departments. This group also includes deputy heads. These are specialists: engineers, economists, accountants. The third group is the employees themselves (junior technical staff, accountants and clerks).

The second category is non-production personnel. It refers to employees employed on non-industrial farms. That is, the result of their work is not the creation of something material. An example of non-production personnel are employees of housing and communal services, canteens, and clinics.

Categories of leaders

Production managers are divided into these categories:

Linear. These managers make decisions concerning all functional areas of activity. Examples: CEO, supervisor Maintenance, Foreman.
Nonlinear. These are functional managers who perform specific managerial functions. Examples: financial director, manager in charge of personnel.

Managers are divided into levels of management:

Lower link. For example, master.
Middle link. Heads of department and workshop.
The highest level. Director or his deputy.

The lower-level managers manage small departments, the middle managers manage the enlarged divisions, and the top managers manage the enterprise as a whole.

Classification of enterprise personnel

Personnel are divided into categories depending on specific characteristics. Let's consider them in more detail:

property relations. There are owners (founders) of a legal entity. They own a share of the enterprise, derive profit from its activities. There are also employees.
The degree of involvement in production activities. Production personnel are directly involved in the activity, non-production - indirectly.
Place of main service. Employees may or may not be on the staff of the enterprise.

Some employees differ from others in the specifics of their activities, the peculiarities of labor relations with enterprises.

Additional classification

Consider additional categories to divide personnel into groups:

Forms production activities(for example, the construction of a building or the creation of wells).
Tariff categories (from one to eight).
Qualification classes (from one to three).
Models of payment for work (for example, classic, piecework, premium).
The level of mechanization of activities (manual or automated work).
Production areas (senior, senior assistant).

Classifications are also amenable to positions:

Positions: manager or specialist.
Position: senior and junior.
Level of qualification (1-3 class).

NOTE! In Russia, there is a main classifier of professions.

Depending on what the position belongs to one or another category

There are the following characteristics that affect the attitude of a position to a particular category:

The level of education.
Skill level.
Having professional experience.
Employment registration (for example, a person can work part-time).
Specificity of activity (physical or intellectual).
The presence of subordinates.
Place of work.

As a rule, the staff lends itself to a clear qualification. The structural composition of employees is determined depending on the characteristics of a particular event.

Despite the fact that over the past few decades the prestige of blue-collar jobs has declined significantly and every year thousands of young people across the country receive degrees in law and economics, the situation is gradually improving. The fact is that if no one begins to work with their hands, and everyone will be managers, then the production of anything will simply be impossible. In addition, a highly skilled worker can earn much more than his white collar peers, while avoiding the so-called professional burnout.

The main differences between a worker and an employee

First of all, employees differ from workers in that their performance official duties does not involve physical labor. In most cases, the performance of the task assigned to the employee does not necessarily have to be carried out in accordance with some established algorithm of actions. This provides an opportunity for representatives of this social group get creative with your daily work. An employee can be involved in industry (engineers, power engineers), and in the state apparatus (all kinds of officials), and in education (professors, graduate students), and in trade (managers, merchandisers). Remuneration of employees in most cases is a fixed salary + bonuses for specific projects.

The working class traditionally includes all those who earn their living by physical labor. Its representatives are miners, and, and electrolysis workers, and drivers, and people employed in conveyor production. The wages of the worker are most often piece-bonus. In order to start your career in one of the working specialties, you do not need to get a higher education - it is enough to graduate from a vocational school (now such educational establishments often called "lyceum") or technical school, and in some cases a complete secondary education is sufficient.

Features of the work of a worker and an employee

The vast majority of employees work 40 hours a week, for example, from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. on a five-day working week. The worker may have the same schedule, or may have a shift, in which one shift lasts 6, 8, 12 or 24 hours and can begin in the morning, afternoon or evening.

The place of work of an employee is most often an office in which he creates an intellectual product using computer equipment for this and without being subjected to heavy loads. Workplace a representative of the working class is a workshop, a mine, a special equipment cabin; there, with the use of mechanical tools of labor, a person creates a really calculable product.

Sometimes almost any employee is forced to be subjected to work time strong emotional stress. In contrast, a worker at the end of a shift can afford to forget about everything connected with his professional activity, but only until the start of the next shift.

Each profession is important and distinctive. A person of each specialty has his own designated job tasks, the amount of remuneration, characteristics of the workplace, categories, etc. Each enterprise has a system of bonuses and punishments, specificity professional activity etc.

Qualification guide

To determine the classification of posts and instructions, there is a special unified qualification guide. Abbreviated ETKS, approved on the basis of a government decree Russian Federation. Thanks to him, enterprises form personnel activities. According to the content of Article 143 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation, the qualification of professions and duties is carried out on the basis of a unified tariff-qualification guide.

It consists of two chapters: the first characterizes the industry leadership labor composition, the second - the provided professions of the main employees and working specialties at the enterprise.

Leading and working professions according to ETKS in the agricultural industry

The classifier gives an exhaustive list of working professions in agriculture. This includes specialties that are in demand in the agricultural industry.

Management team

This list includes the following occupations:

Ch. specialist of the agronomic service (agronomist) of the enterprise.
Ch. agronomist-agrochemist at work.
Ch. agricultural service specialist (agronomist) in the field of crop protection.
Ch. specialist of the agronomic service (agronomist for the study of the soil).
Ch. specialist in veterinary service (veterinarian).
Ch. zootechnical service specialist (livestock specialist).
Ch. specialist of the zootechnical service in the horse breeding industry (livestock specialist of the state stables).
Ch. zootechnical service specialist - hippodrome livestock specialist.
Ch. melioration service engineer.
Ch. mechanical engineer.
Ch. energy specialist (energy engineer).
Ch. judge in the field of breeding horses.
Veterinary service worker veterinary pharmacy.
Veterinary service worker vet section.
Head at the enterprise garage.
Head point of procurement in the production of processing flax and other bast crops.
Head toxicological laboratory.
Head production laboratory of plant protection biomethod.
Head laboratory of the state inspection for plant quarantine and fumigation squad.
Head laboratory for diagnosing and predicting the future occurrence of pests and plant diseases.
Head laboratory for assessing the quality of tested varieties of the State Commission for sorting agricultural crops.
Head breeding laboratory. case and artificial insemination.
Head transport department.
Head oil depot.
Head experienced field.
Head border crossing point for plant quarantine.
Head point of artificial insemination.
Head point of signaling and forecasting the appearance of pests and plant diseases.
Head repair workshop.
Head seed station.
Head of tech. exchange office.
Head variety testing area.
Head phytohelminthological production laboratory.
Head seed storage.
Head of mech. detachment.
Head of Procurement Department.
Head of the department (section) of production and veterinary control.
Head of the technical department operation of the fleet and equipment of agricultural enterprises.
Head of the production department of the hippodrome.
Head of plant protection station (at the level of the subject, region and district).
Technical station manager maintenance of the fleet, service stations maintenance of the machine-building park.
Head of livestock department.
Head of fumigation department.
Technical station manager maintenance of machines and equipment of livestock farms, poultry farms and farms.
Head of the feed production department.
Head of the department for land reclamation.
Head of the incubation department.
Head of the mechanization department.
Head of plant growing department.
Head of the expedition for bioprotection of plants.
Head of department for transportation management.
Farm manager, foreman.
Head of KFH-farmer.

Professions in the agricultural industry

If we talk about professions in the agricultural industry, then the list of working professions and positions of employees, after the management team, is divided into specialists (laboratory assistants, machine operators, etc.), positions common to all industries (weigher, warehouse worker, etc.). ), subsection positions with professions in the field of crop production and animal husbandry, as well as professions where there is no rating by category. The list of working professions in construction is also quite wide.

Workers in the sphere of harmful professions

Labor law and a unified classifier of professions separate industries where management staff, job positions are characterized as hazardous production and the industry as a whole. There is a list of working professions with harmful conditions labor.

Spheres of economic activity where employees are recognized as employees of hazardous professions

Here is a partial list of such professions:

Persons whose activities are related to gunpowder, ammunition equipment, as well as initiating and explosive substances.
Workers in the oil industry, coal mines, etc.
whose activities are related to metal processing.
Employed in electrical production and maintenance of such equipment.
Manufacturers of radio engineering, production of building materials.
Glass and porcelain production.
Manufacturers and processors of synthetic and artificial fibers, the labor composition of the pulp and paper industry.
Institutes and research centers in the field of manufacturing medicines and biomaterials.
Labor composition in the field of health care, printing workers, transport workers.
Those whose activities are related to radiation and exposure, workers in the nuclear industry.
Divers.
Welding workers.
Research activities related to microorganisms.
Metal testing.
Cleaning metal with sand.
Mercury substation workers.
Workers of electric trains and stations.
Labor composition of the food industry.
Working in the field of film copying.
Workers in the field of construction, repair and restoration.
Communication workers.
workers in the agrochemical industry.
Mining industry workers.
Workers in the chemical and paint industry.

Positions of employees

The positions of employees are included in the list of working professions. If we talk about employees, then this is a category of citizens involved in any of the industries in positions below the leadership professions. The category of employees includes agents, artists, archivists, secretaries, etc.

Engineering professions

If you make a list of working professions in mechanical engineering, there is a division into management, specialists and working professions. Let's consider in more detail.

For example, managers are included in the list of working professions of the management team (head of the design shop, head of the testing shop, head of product release, etc.).

If we talk about specialists in mechanical engineering, then these are mechanical engineering technologists, mechanical engineering engineers, designers, etc.

Also involved in mechanical engineering are professions that belong to the category of the same in all sectors of the economy.

List of working occupations for women

Allocates a single classifier and a separate category of women's work positions. They tend to be associated with lighter activities.

Some of them are listed below:

manicurist;
beautician;
hairdresser;
cleaning service worker;
secretary-typist;
painter;
specialist in laying out and sorting goods;
salesman;
masseur;
nurse;
cook;
confectioner.

An important instrument of labor law

If we talk about the classification of professions in general, then they are divided into a list of working professions according to the field of activity, working conditions, harmfulness of production, severity of labor, etc.

The unified classifier characterizes each profession separately, attaching a list of job duties that are mandatory for execution, the order of benefits provided, categories assigned, etc.

Based on the classification, the entire labor process, starting with the accrual and calculation of wages, ending with bonuses and the duration of vacations.

The classifier provides a list of positions for each economic sector, defining the scope of duties and rights of an official or employee.

The use of the classifier of professions allows each organization, enterprise to streamline the work process, clearly distribute responsibilities in the work team, and comply with labor laws.

Being legislative acts in labor law Labor Code and the classifier are approved with links to each other. This indicates that a violation of the provisions of the classifier of professions will be the basis for a violation labor law and administrative misconduct. When organizing personnel activities at enterprises, a single list of working professions is taken as the basis for the formation of positions, labor hierarchy, reward and punishment systems.

The classifier is constantly being improved, amendments are made necessary in connection with changes in the country's economy. However, these nuances are not significant and practically do not concern the main list of positions.

The list of professions and the job classifier is the most important tool labor law, personnel service any enterprise, acting as a guarantor in the organization and remuneration of almost every employee.

For example, it can be qualification, specialty, education, experience.

The existence of an activity goal. The objectives of the work of a specialist should be consistent with the goals of the enterprise.

Personnel management is distinguished by such features as:

Integration into the overall management structure.
Compliance with the existing corporate culture.
Availability of job planning, employee training.
Accounting for professional qualities and evaluation of the activities of employees.
Centralization of management processes.

Employees who are not formalized in any way at the enterprise will not be considered personnel. Normative substantiation Personnel categories are regulated by the “Instruction for the number of workers at enterprises” No. 17-10-0370, approved by the State Statistics Committee on September 17, 1987.

5. categories of personnel

At the end of the meeting, when the applicant had already left the table, the recruiter asked what he could now say in a nutshell about the company's products, indicate what is special about it? The young man was confused and could not answer the question, he said that he needed to get acquainted with the products in more detail. The recruiter doubted that he could quickly learn and work independently. If in doubt about a candidate, give him homework But on condition that he successfully passed the test and interview.

For example, instruct the candidate to build a complex schedule in a program in which the candidate has not previously worked, or to write a report on an unfamiliar subject for him. The topics of the task should be somehow related to the vacancy, contain the information necessary for its professional growth. The better an employee performs a test task, the higher his intelligence and ability to work, as well as the desire to get a job from you.

What categories of staff are divided into

The number of personnel depends on the needs of production activities. Highly qualified employees perform activities related to the direct production process, which require specific knowledge, skills and abilities. Low-skilled personnel are involved in simple jobs where a minimum level of knowledge is required.
For the effective operation of the organization, the number of employees of a particular specialty is crucial. When forming the personnel, the ratio between the qualification category of employees capable of performing the assigned production tasks is taken into account. Development strategy labor resources depends on the scope of the company.

Categories of personnel of the organization

Head of the Environmental Protection DepartmentHead of the Labor Protection DepartmentHead of the Patent and Inventive Work DepartmentHead of the Training DepartmentHead of the Investor Relations DepartmentHead of the Information Protection Department (Laboratory, Sector)Head of the Public Relations DepartmentHead of the Sales DepartmentHead of the Social Development DepartmentHead of the Standardization DepartmentHead of the Planning and Economic DepartmentHead of the Production DepartmentHead of the Repair ShopHead shifts Head of the technical departmentHead of the financial departmentHead of the economic departmentHead of the central factory laboratoryHead of the workshop (site)Head of the pilot production workshopHead of the legal departmentForeman (foreman)Head of the group for the inventory of buildings and structuresManager of the department (farm, agricultural plot) 2.

What are the leadership positions?

It is also support staff. Its representatives work in procurement or service shops.

Employees. Their activities are mainly mental in nature. The result of their work is the identification of management problems, the formation of new information flows, the adoption of various decisions in the field of management.

An example of this category would be accountants, lawyers, managers. Employees are further divided into three categories. These are the heads of the enterprise itself or its departments. This group also includes deputy heads.

These are specialists: engineers, economists, accountants. The third group is the employees themselves (junior technical staff, accountants and clerks).

Categories of personnel related to working professions are directly involved in the creation of wealth, maintain equipment and industrial premises in working order. Considering which categories the personnel is divided into, it is necessary to determine the main factors that have a direct impact on the classification. Human resources are considered the most important element of the productive force, the basis of the sources of economic development.
The main element of any production process is an:

skill of the staff;
the level of education;
professional training;
degree of qualification;
motivation system.

Experts have proved that there is a direct dependence of the well-being of citizens and the competitiveness of the economy on the corresponding quality of the categories of personnel of the organization.

Order No. 248n dated May 29, 2008. Sets the qualification levels of employees.
Order No. 247n dated May 29, 2008. It also establishes qualification levels, but in relation to managers and specialists.

These groups of personnel are distinguished in the regulations:

Positions of workers and employees for which professional education is not required.
Jobs that require primary or secondary education.
Supervisory positions for which initial vocational education is required.
Specialties for which higher education is required (qualification "bachelor").
Positions for which you need to have a higher education with the qualification "certified specialist" or "master".

The need for education is determined depending on the specifics of the activity.

Who are the leaders of the organization

Managers include employees holding the positions of heads of organizations, structural subdivisions (offices, departments, departments, workshops, sections, etc.) and their deputies (directors, heads and heads of all names, managers, chairmen, captains, foremen, chief accountants, chief engineers, foremen, etc.) (clause 8 of the Instructions for filling out the form of the federal statistical observation). Thus, all the positions listed in the question belong to the category of managers. Details in the materials of the Personnel System: Situation: How to determine the staffing level of the organization's personnel service general rule the number of employees of the organization, including its individual divisions, is determined by its head at its own discretion in accordance with the structure of the organization, its functions and levels of management.

HR records management

Question When compiling a certificate of staffing, is it necessary to include a deputy director, commercial director, head of production and head of the transport section? As well as the chief accountant. Answer Answer to the question: We assume that we are talking about filling out the statistical reporting form No. 57-T “Information on wages employees by profession and position”, approved by the order of Rosstat dated 03.08.2015 No. 357. This form includes information on the number of employees on the payroll, including: — managers; - specialists; - other employees; -workers.

On this page:

The main features of personnel
Regulatory rationale
Main categories of personnel
Categories of leaders
Classification of enterprise personnel
Additional classification
Depending on what the position belongs to one or another category

Personnel are persons who are included in labor relations within a particular legal entity. This is the personnel of the enterprise, which includes employees, owners and co-owners. The main features of the staff Before qualification, you need to understand who exactly belongs to the staff.

Personnel is characterized by these features:

Involvement in labor relations. The latter must be documented. In particular, an employment agreement must be drawn up.
Characteristics on the basis of which the activity is carried out.

That is why employees of this category are called engineering and technical workers (ITR). Technical performers are classified depending on the types of work they perform: - technical performers involved in accounting and control; - technical performers involved in the preparation and execution of documentation; - technical performers employed in economic services. A good example of the subsequent classification of categories of employees is the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated 10/14/1992 No. 785 “On differentiation in the levels of remuneration of workers public sector based on the Unified tariff scale"(as amended on December 20, 2003).

Ksenia Gorbunova, Director of Recruitment and Business Development at SQ-Team, recommends how to successfully recruit employees of the right category for an organization Now only large companies often hire employees for growth During the crisis, the labor market has changed, and there are more candidates for one vacancy than before. Employers can find a practically “ready-made” employee who will immediately get involved in the work. This is better than taking on a person in whom you still need to invest a lot.

Info

For growth ”is often taken in large companies, where the learning process is built and there is a kind of conveyor. If an employee does not live up to expectations and leaves the company, this will not affect the business in any way. At the same time, companies are ready to turn a blind eye to the candidate’s lack of soft skills (social skills), which can be quickly improved in training, but not hard skills (professional skills).