Presentation "geography of transport" presentation for a geography lesson on the topic. Presentation on geography "the role and importance of transport" Preparation for active traffic control at the main stage of the lesson

Slide 2

Road transport is now the most common form of transport. Road transport is younger than rail and water transport; the first cars appeared at the very end of the 19th century. After World War II, road transport began to compete with the railroad. The advantages of road transport are maneuverability, flexibility, speed. Trucks now transport almost all types of cargo, but even over long distances (up to 5 thousand or more thousand km), road trains (tractor truck and trailer or semi-trailer) successfully compete with the railway when transporting valuable cargo for which delivery speed is critical, for example , perishable products.

Slide 3

The vast majority of currently existing cars are personal use cars (passenger cars). They are usually used for trips over distances of up to two hundred kilometers. According to the Ecology Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation, the Russian automobile fleet by the beginning of 2000 amounted to 27.06 million vehicles.

Slide 4

Advantages and disadvantages Advantages: Quick movement from one point in the neighborhood to another. Disadvantages: Road transport has many disadvantages. Passenger cars are the most wasteful transport compared to other modes of transport in terms of the costs required to move one passenger. The main share (63%) of environmental damage to the planet is associated with motor transport. Significant environmental damage is caused to the environment and society at all stages of production, operation and disposal of cars, fuel, oils, tires, road construction and other automotive infrastructure. In particular, nitrogen and sulfur oxides released into the atmosphere when gasoline is burned cause acid rain. The amount of annual environmental damage from the functioning of the transport complex of the Russian Federation is 3.4 billion US dollars, or approximately 1.5% of the gross national product. Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere from motor vehicles amounted to 12,190.7 thousand tons. Road transport requires good roads. Now in developed countries there is a network of highways - multi-lane roads without intersections, allowing speeds of over one hundred kilometers per hour.

Slide 5

In the structure of the volume of commercial cargo transportation, the share of road transport predominates - about 53%.

Slide 6

Transport highways are the main transport routes as part of the transport network of a territory. are of great importance in the system of production and territorial connections. Transport highways are divided into: international highways: Pan-American Highway. national highways: Trans-Amazon Highway. interdistrict highways: Moscow – St. Petersburg.

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Slide captions:

Geography of transport

Transport is the third leading sector of material production. Transport is the basis of the geographical division of labor. All communication routes, transport enterprises and vehicles together form the global transport system. Transport actively influences location, promoting specialization and cooperation of enterprises and industries.

All types of transport are grouped not only by importance and level of development, but also by geographical areas of their application. In this case, land (ground), water and air transport are distinguished.

Road transport can rightfully be called the transport of the 20th century. The length of highways is constantly growing and has already exceeded 28 million km; approximately half of it comes from five countries - the USA, India, Brazil, China, Japan, followed by Russia, Canada and France. In global passenger turnover, the share of road transport – primarily due to personal cars – reaches 4/5.

There are railways in 140 countries, more than ½ of their total length is in the “top ten” countries: the USA, Russia, Canada, India, China, Germany, Argentina, Australia, France, and Mexico. Along with this, there are vast areas where the railway network is rare or non-existent.

Pipeline transport has developed primarily due to the rapid growth of oil and natural gas production and the territorial gap that exists between the main areas of their production and consumption. The length of the global network of main pipelines is about 2 million km. The longest of them are 4-5 thousand km, built in the CIS countries, Canada, USA, and countries of the Middle East.

Maritime transport is a very important component of the global transport system. Thanks to the development of maritime transport, the World Ocean no longer divides but rather connects countries and continents. It handles about 4/5 of all international trade. The total length of sea routes is measured in millions of kilometers. Sea vessels transport mainly bulk cargo - liquid (oil, petroleum products), bulk and bulk (coal, ore, grain, etc.) over a distance of 8-10 thousand km.

Air transport is the youngest and most dynamic mode of transport. The network of regular airlines now encircles the entire globe, stretching for 10.5 million km. In terms of air transportation volumes, North America ranks first in the world, Europe ranks second, and the United States stands out among individual countries, followed by Japan, Great Britain, China, and France. The geography of air transport is determined by a network of airports, the number of which amounts to many thousands.

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Class: 10

Goals and objectives:

Educational:

• develop ideas about the sectors of the world economy;
• develop the ability to characterize the World Transport System, its problems and development prospects according to the main parameters;
• to form an idea of ​​the differences in transport and its features in countries of different types;
• to form knowledge about the geography of the main modes of transport.

Educational:

• develop in students the ability to highlight the main, essential things when working with text in the material being studied; analyze and summarize the facts being studied, logically express thoughts;
• develop the ability to work over time and in groups;
• develop students' creative abilities and cognitive interest;
• develop the ability to perform analytical tasks;
• develop the ability to work with thematic maps and various sources of information.

Educational:

Continue the formation of a system of moral relations:

a) develop in students a respectful attitude towards the opinions of other students;

b) to form in students such personal values ​​as the desire to learn new things about their homeland, fostering a sense of responsibility for its present and future, and feelings of patriotism.

During the lesson, students develop the following skills:

Educational and management:

• determine the most rational sequence of actions for the collective implementation of a learning task;
• independently evaluate one’s educational activities through comparison with the activities of other students, with one’s own activities in the past, with established standards;
• evaluate the activities of classmates through comparison with established standards.

Educational and information skills:

• ability to work with written and oral texts;
• ability to work with cartographic sources of information.

Educational and logical skills:

• determine the components of the object being studied;
• carry out qualitative and quantitative descriptions of the components of the object;
• carry out classification based on establishing the characteristics of an object.

Equipment:

Map “Transport of the World”, atlas for grade 10, map diagrams, exhibition “Modern types of transport and transport of the future”, video fragment “Impact of transport on the environment”, graph projector, set of tasks for each student (you can use a presentation of the main types of transport).

The main form of work is group work using advanced homework and multi-level assignments.

Lesson progress

1. Organization of the beginning of the lesson.

Greeting from the teacher.

Checking absentees.

Checking readiness for the lesson.

Today we will continue our acquaintance with the sectors of the world economy and talk about the transport of the world.

It is important for us to know this, because... The topic of transport today is very important and relevant, because transport performs the most important economic and social functions. Modern modes of transport have brought the most remote corners of the planet closer together. There is a “compression” of geographical space. Today, thanks to transport, the concept of remoteness does not exist.

2. Preparation for active learning activities at the main stage of the lesson.

Based on the enormous importance of transport, today in class we must:

1. get acquainted with the global transport system.
2. learn about the importance of transport, show its place and role in the global economy.
3. characterize the types of transport.
4. know about the features of transport in different types of countries.
5. talk about the problems and prospects for the development of the transport system.

The goals are pinned on the board in the form of a poster.

The topic is not new for you, we talked about Russian transport in 9th grade, but it is quite extensive. In order to achieve all our goals, we will work in groups.

I am confident that we will cope with all the assigned tasks in the best possible way. If something doesn’t work out, it’s okay, we’ll take our shortcomings into account in future work. So - let's get started!

It’s better to start by repeating the basic principles familiar to us from 9th grade. And here 1 group will help us. The guys had a task (Show diagram No. 1 on the board; see appendix): “Based on the 9th grade textbook, choose, in your opinion, the most important and significant topic of transport in Russia.”

The result of their work was a kind of “clue” number 1.

Class assignment: Take sheet 1 from the materials prepared for you. Listen to the children’s performance, remembering the previously covered material.

Performance by students of group 1.

The first group finished their performance. Thank you! I believe that the guys completed the task, and we remembered the material we needed for further work.

3. Assimilation of new knowledge.

Now we move on to studying the new topic “Transport of the World”.

The second group was asked to reveal the contents of the chapter “Transport is the third leading branch of material production.”

The guys have prepared template No. 2, which you must fill out during their performance (see Appendix No. 2). (Appendix No. 2.1)

Performance by students of group 2.

Now let’s check together whether the template is filled out correctly (via an overhead projector or a computer). If there are errors or omissions, correct them.

During the presentation of group 2 we learned:

1. about the importance of transport;
2. about the main differences between the transport of economically developed and developing countries.

Mark these goals on a poster. Give a qualitative description of the group’s activities.

The third group was asked to introduce you to the main types of land transport.

Prepare sheets number 3 “Main types of transport”. During the performance of the children of the third and fourth groups, you will have to perform various types of work: show the named objects in the atlas, enter the leading countries by main types of transport, fill out diagrams. Be careful!

Performance by students of group 3.

1. Road transport.
2. Rail transport.
3. Pipeline transport.

During presentations, students use maps made independently.

1. Provision of passenger cars.
2. Various railway configurations.
3. Main conclusions to the topic “Transport of Russia”.

All named objects are shown on the board on the “Transport of the World” map.

Group 3 finished their performance. Thank you!

The fourth group will introduce you to other types of transport.

1. Air (using the “World Aviation Transport” map and magnets of the same color to indicate the largest airports in the world).
2. Marine (using magnets of different colors to designate the largest universal, container, oil loading ports).
3. River (accompanied by a display of large navigable rivers, canal systems and the main area of ​​lake navigation).

Group 4 finished their performance. Thank you!

Give a qualitative description of the group’s activities.

During the interesting and voluminous reports from students of groups 3 and 4, we learned about the main types of transport, its geography and features, i.e. reached another target.

Mark the goal on the poster.

Group 5 will complete the conversation about transport.

Your task: listen carefully and write down in your notebook:

1. definition of the World Transport System;
2. main environmental problems associated with transport.

(You can use the textbook, p. 151)

1. World transport system.
2. Transport problems (using fragments of video or presentation).
3. Prospects for the development of transport (the story is accompanied by a display of the exhibition “Modern types of transport and transport of the future”).

Mark the goals on the poster.

Give a qualitative description of the group’s activities.

As you can see, we achieved our goals.

4. Consolidation of knowledge.

Now let's see how we can realize the fulfilled goals.

Take the test sheets prepared for each person (5 options) and within 1-2 minutes try to answer 5 questions correctly.

Swap sheets, check each other's work by marking the criteria and hand it over to me.

Mutual inspection of work and inspection using an overhead projector.

5. Summary.

During the lesson, we got acquainted with the transport of the world, having completed all the intended goals.

Give a qualitative description of the class’s activities and give marks.

All that remains is to fill out the Lesson Technological Map (see Appendix No. 3). (Appendix No. 3.1)

6. Homework.

1. Repeat topic 5, section 3 “Transport of the world.”

(Don't forget the additional material at the end of the section, the tables in the appendix, and the atlas maps).

2. Apply on the contour map:

• leading countries in main modes of transport;
• largest ports and airports in the world;
• main channels and straits;
• large navigable rivers.

3. Be able to show the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Pan-American Highway.

When doing your homework, use sheet No. 3 and the atlas maps.

Our lesson is over. Thank you for your work.

The topic of the video lesson is “Geography of world transport”. Thanks to this lesson, you will receive a lot of interesting information about types of transport, its operation, characteristics and geographical features. The lesson describes in detail the main parameters of the global transport system, its problems and development prospects.

Topic: Geography of global economic sectors

Lesson:Geography of world transport

Transport is the third component of material production after industry and agriculture. Transport has a huge impact on the geographical division of labor, the location of industries, and international integration.

World transport system- the totality of all transport infrastructure, transport enterprises, vehicles and control systems in the aggregate. The world transport system was formed in the 20th century. The total length of the world's transport network without sea routes exceeds 37 million km: the length of roads is 24 million km, railways are 1.25 million km, pipelines are 1.9 million km, air routes are 9.5 million km, river routes are 0 .55 million km. The length of transport networks of developed countries accounts for 78% of the total length of the world transport network and they account for 74% of global freight turnover.

In the era of scientific and technological revolution, transport speeds increased, load capacity, comfort, etc. increased.

Types of transport by geographical areas of application:

1. Land (road, railway, pipeline, horse-drawn, etc.).

2. Water (sea, river).

3. Air (aircraft, helicopter, cable car).

Road transport. Road transport is the most common type of transport; it is younger than rail and water transport; the first cars appeared at the very end of the 19th century. After World War II, road transport began to compete with the railroad. The advantages of road transport are maneuverability, flexibility, speed. Trucks now transport almost all types of cargo, but even over long distances (up to 5 thousand or more thousand km), road trains (tractor truck and trailer or semi-trailer) successfully compete with the railway when transporting valuable cargo for which delivery speed is critical, for example , perishable products. In terms of passenger turnover, road transport ranks first.

Leading countries in terms of highway length: USA, India, Brazil, China, Japan, France, Canada, Italy.

Automation of the world's population

(according to the analytical agency Autostat)

Rice. 1. Map of the level of motorization

Leading countries by total number of cars: USA, Japan, Germany, France, Italy. Currently, the car parks of China, Brazil, and Russia are growing at the fastest rates.

Currently, new highways are being designed and built, including those connecting different regions and countries.

Rail transport. Railways began to appear at the beginning of the 19th century in Great Britain, Belgium and France. Currently, railway transport plays an important role in the transportation of passengers and goods.

Leading countries in terms of railway length: USA, Canada, Russia, China, India, France, Germany, Australia.

Leading countries in terms of the share of electrified railways: Switzerland, France, Belgium, Russia.

Speed ​​records on rails

Taiwan: Taipei - Kaohsiung, Taiwan High Speed ​​Railway (THSR) - up to 300 km/h.

China: Wuhan - Guangzhou - up to 350 km/h.

Japan: Tokyo - Osaka - up to 276 km/h (Tokyo - Nagoya plan - up to 500 km/h).

South Korea: Seoul - Daejon - up to 430 km/h.

France: Paris - Strasbourg - up to 350 km/h.

Germany: Frankfurt/M. (airport) - Cologne, Munich - Nuremberg - up to 320 km/h.

Italy: Rome - Naples - up to 300 km/h.

Spain: Madrid - Barcelona - up to 350 km/h.

UK - Belgium: London - Brussels - up to 300 km/h.

Rice. 2. High-speed train "Sapsan"

In the 21st century, it is planned to create several transcontinental railways, for example: Istanbul - Tashkent - Beijing, Singapore - Bangkok - Beijing, Beijing - Yakutsk, Vancouver - San Francisco.

Pipeline transport was developed due to increased oil and gas exports. The longest pipeline is the Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean oil pipeline with a length of 4,700 km.

Leading countries in terms of pipeline transport length: USA, Russia, Canada.

Water transport: sea and inland waterways. This type of transport is considered cheap and transports mainly goods; for example, maritime transport accounts for 80% of all external transport.

Cargo capacity- the total volume of the premises (holds) of the ship intended to accommodate cargo.

Load capacity- the mass of the cargo for which the vehicle is designed to be transported; the main operational characteristic of the vehicle.

Leading countries in terms of fleet tonnage: Panama, Liberia, Bahamas, Greece, Singapore, Malta, Cyprus, China. This is due to the ease of registering a vessel in these countries.

There are more than 2,500 seaports in the world. The largest ports in the world: Shanghai, Singapore, Hong Kong, Busan, Shenzhen, Dubai, Rotterdam.

Rice. 3. Port of Shanghai

The largest navigable rivers in the world: Mississippi, Yangtze, Volga, Amazon, Rhine, Danube, Mekong, Ganges, etc.

Leading countries in the development of inland water transport: USA, Canada, Russia, France, the Netherlands, Germany, Belgium.

Air transport- the fastest and at the same time the most expensive type of transport. The main area of ​​application of air transport is passenger transportation over distances of over a thousand kilometers. Freight transport is also carried out, but their share is very low. Mostly perishable products and especially valuable cargo, as well as mail, are transported by air.

Leading countries in terms of the number of passengers transported by air: USA, Japan, China, UK, Germany, France, Russia.

Largest airports in the world by passenger traffic
(according to aci.aero, guardian.co.uk)

Largest airlines in the world
(BydataWATS Scheduled Passengers Carried)