Water bodies and their use presentation. Presentation - water bodies
Pacific Ocean The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in terms of area and depth on Earth. Located between the continents of Eurasia and Australia in the west, Northern and South America in the east, Antarctica in the south. The Pacific Ocean extends approximately 15.8 thousand km from north to south and 19.5 thousand km from east to west. The area with seas is 178.684 million km², the average depth is 3984 m. The greatest depth of the Pacific Ocean (and the entire World Ocean) is m (in the Mariana Trench). The international date line runs across the Pacific Ocean along the 180th meridian. The area of the Pacific Ocean exceeds the area of all land by almost 30 million km².
Antarctica Antarctica (Greek νταρκτικός the opposite of the Arctic) is a continent located in the very south of the Earth, the center of Antarctica approximately coincides with the southern geographic pole. Antarctica is washed by the waters of the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans, sometimes unofficially separated into a separate Southern Ocean.
Greenland Greenland is an island in the northeast of North America. It is washed by the Atlantic and Arctic oceans. The area of the island is km², it is the largest on Earth. It belongs to Denmark and is part of its autonomous unit Greenland.
Red Sea The Red Sea is an inland sea of the Indian Ocean located between the Arabian Peninsula and Africa in a tectonic basin. In the north, the sea adjoins the Isthmus of Suez, which separates two gulfs: Suez and Aqaba, and is connected to the Mediterranean Sea through the Suez Canal. The Red Sea is the saltiest sea that makes up the World Ocean.
Sahara The Sahara is the largest hot desert and the second, after the Antarctic, desert on Earth, located in the north of the African continent. Extends approximately 4800 km from west to east and from 800 to 1200 km from north to south; has an area of about 8.6 million km² (about 30% of the area of Africa, slightly larger than Brazil)
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Slide captions:
Interesting geographical objects of Altai. Completed by: geography teacher N.I. Telegina.
ALTAI - extensive mountainous area on the territory of Russia, Mongolia and China, replete with geoactive points. It consists of ridges that form the watershed of the Ob, Irtysh, Yenisei and rivers of the drainless region of Central Asia, the greatest length of Altai is 2000 km. Particularly famous among tourists and researchers of anomalous phenomena are the magnificently beautiful deltas of the Katun and Biya rivers and lakes Teletskoye and Markakol.
In terms of the number of glaciers (1,130) and glaciated area (890 sq. km), Altai ranks third among the mountainous countries of the world. The largest of them - Myongsu - has a length of 11 km and is located in the Katunsky ridge. Near the Belukha massif there are 169 glaciers with an area of 151 square meters. km.
Mount Sinyukha From the top of Mount Sinyukha, a beautiful panorama opens up with rare natural contrasts: on the one hand, the endless Kulunda steppe, on the other, the snow-covered mountain peaks of Altai. Mount Sinyukha has long been considered a place of pilgrimage. On the top and slopes of the mountain there are several natural granite bowls filled with what many believe to be holy water. A holy spring flows on the northern slope of Mount Sinyukha. Residents of the surrounding villages have long considered this place sacred and, when they fell ill, came here to get healing water. If faith was firm and prayer was sincere, then a miracle happened, and even the hopelessly ill were freed from their ailments.
One of the most unusual forms of relief is the “Stone Mushrooms”. They can be formed under the influence of glaciers or tides, from the dissolution of surrounding rocks or erosion. It took the “Altai stone mushrooms” in the Ak-Kurum tract several hundred years for them to form under the influence of wind and rain. “White scree” translated from Altai means Ak-Kurum. On the right bank of the Chulyshman, a two-hour drive from its confluence with Lake Teletskoye, there is the Akkurum (Ak-Korum) tract. “Kurums” are usually called accumulations of large blocks and fragments of strong rocks on gentle slopes and at their feet, formed by weathering. A characteristic feature of kurums is their slow movement down the slope.
There are many lakes in Altai - more than 6 thousand, many of them are tarns or moraine-dammed. It is often said that Altai is a country of blue lakes. The largest ones - Teletskoye, Markakol - are located in basins of tectonic origin. Particularly famous is the picturesque Lake Teletskoye (its length is 78 km, average width - 3.2 km, depth - up to 325 m) with steep wooded and sometimes rocky shores. The largest lake in the Altai Mountains, Lake Markakol (about 449 sq. km.) is also famous for its very beautiful shores and rich flora and fauna. Kulundinskoye Lake is the largest among all Altai lakes (728 sq. km).
Maashei is a lake that disappeared in July 2012. As a result of heavy rains, it overflowed, the soil was washed out, and the waters of the lake completely disappeared. The lake was formed no more than 100 years ago due to a powerful landslide that stopped across the bed of the Mazhoy River. It was located at an altitude of 1984 m in the area of the North Chuysky ridge, had a width of about 400 m and a length of 1500 m. Lake Maasheyskoe was rightfully considered one of the most beautiful reservoirs in Altai and was popular among tourists. In its vicinity there are powerful glaciers: Maashey, Kurumbu and Kurkurek.
Lake Swan is located near the village of Urozhaynoye in the Sovetsky district Altai Territory. This is a small reservoir about 1 km long and an average depth of 1 m, the water in it flows clean and transparent, hence the second name of the lake - Svetloe. Due to the large number of springs gushing from the bottom of the reservoir, the lake does not freeze and in winter has a temperature of at least +4°C. Every year a flock of whooper swans flies to the swan reserve and stays there for the winter, which is how the name Swan appeared. In addition to swans, birds such as goldeneye, gray goose, black-headed and glaucous gulls, reed bunting, and blue tit also winter here.
Entrance - triangular shape Width 7 m Height 4 m Length 90 m Bolshaya Kyrkylinskaya
Malaya Kyrkylinskaya 50 m from Bolshaya Low and narrow gallery 30 m long.
And it’s strange and wonderful - everywhere throughout the entire region the Russian Altai is praised. And the mountains are beautiful, and the depths are mighty, and the rivers are fast, and the flowers are unprecedented... Where does this general veneration of Altai come from?! N.K. Roerich
PRESENTATION
for a lesson in 3rd grade
for the course “The World around us” authors: A.A. Pleshakov UMK “School of Russia” topic “Water objects” teachers primary classes MBOU "Pervomaisky Education Center" Lyudmila Anatolyevna Izyumova Work experience 42 years. 29 years at this school.
Goals and objectives:
To know: different types reservoirs, get to know the reservoirs of our region; differences between a river and a lake; Learn to distinguish between parts of a river (source, mouth, channel, tributary); To develop in children the ability to compare, compare, analyze various phenomena, draw conclusions through practical work on familiarization with the types of reservoirs; Foster a sense of cooperation when performing group tasks, cultivate a conscious, caring attitude towards nature.
How are springs formed?
spring
Earth
Mineral water source
Everyone walks around this place. Here the earth is like dough, here there is sedge, hummocks, mosses, there is no support for the feet. What is it?
SWAMP
In a blue shirt, he runs along the bottom of the ravine. What kind of pond is this?
STREAM
The ribbon in the open space trembles a little in the breeze, The narrow tip is in the spring, And the wide one is in the sea. Guess who I am?
RIVER
A river is a natural water stream flowing in a depression created by it - the river bed.
Every river has its beginning. Its beginning is always located higher than its end. The place where the river originates, from which there is a constant flow of water in the channel, is called the source. The sources can be different: a swamp, a lake, underground water, a glacier in the mountains, etc.
River structure
bed
Wide in width, deep in depth, It beats against the shore day and night. You can’t drink water from it, Because it’s not tasty - It’s both bitter and salty.
SEA
What kind of reservoir is this with floating ice floes - icebergs?
OCEAN
Smaller than the sea, Larger than a pond - What is the name of this middle body of water?
LAKE
Young birches in front of him straighten their hair. And the month, and the stars - Everything is reflected in it... What is this mirror called?
POND
The Krasnodar reservoir is the largest reservoir in the North Caucasus, it was formed in 1973 and is located in the old channel or on the left bank of the Kuban River. After filling it with water, it merged with the Tshchik Reservoir. The main purpose of this large reservoir, created by human hands, is to irrigate systems in rice fields in the Republic of Adygea and the Krasnodar Territory, as well as to reduce floods and prevent destructive floods.
Fizminutka
We'll rest a little, Get up, take a deep breath, Hands to the sides, forward We're on the beach, The sun is burning.
Let's quickly run into the river, take a dip and swim. Oh, what grace! But you also need to know when to stop. Let's quickly run to class. We'll listen to the story.
Reservoirs
bodies of water
ocean
sea
river
lake
stream
swamp
pond
reservoir
Reservoirs can be natural or artificial. Natural – those created by nature. Artificial - those created by man.
Why do you think people create artificial reservoirs?
Natural bodies of water.
Spring or key
Swamp
Stream
Ocean
Lake
Sea
River
Pond
Channel
Reservoir
Artificial reservoirs.
Practical work with the textbook
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The ocean is the body of water surrounding the continents and islands. There are 4 oceans on earth. Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic. Sea is a part of the ocean separated by land. Sea water is salty and unsuitable for drinking. A lake is a large natural reservoir enclosed in the banks. A river is a constant water stream of significant size with a natural flow along the bed from source to mouth. Stream.
A reservoir is an artificial reservoir, formed, as a rule, in a river valley by water supply facilities for the accumulation and storage of water for the purpose of its use in the national economy. A pond is a dammed place, a reservoir in a natural or dug depression, as well as a dammed place in a river. For water supply, irrigation and fish breeding. A canal is an artificial channel filled with water.
Reflection
Show us your cue cards and we will know if you liked the lesson.
Slide 1
March 2013
Slide 2
A water body is a natural or artificial reservoir, watercourse or other object, the permanent or temporary concentration of water in which has characteristic forms and signs of the water regime.
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Surface water bodies include: 1. seas or their individual parts (straits, bays, including bays, estuaries, etc.) 2. watercourses (rivers, streams, canals) 3. reservoirs (lakes, ponds, flooded quarries reservoirs) 4. swamps 5. natural outlets of groundwater (springs, geysers) 6. glaciers, snowfields.
Slide 3
Ownership of water bodies:
water bodies are owned Russian Federation(federal property), with the exception of cases when a pond, a watered quarry, is located within the boundaries land plot, owned by right of ownership to a subject of the Russian Federation, a municipal entity, to an individual, legal entity.
Slide 4
The RF VC divided the territory of Russia, without reference to specific regions, into 20 basin districts - for example, Donskoy, Kuban, etc. (Article 28 of the RF WC). 1) Baltic; 2) Barents-White Sea; 3) Dvinsko-Pechora; 4) Dneprovsky; 5) Donskoy; 6) Kuban; 7) West Caspian; 8) Verkhnevolzhsky; 9) Oksky; 10) Kamsky; 11) Nizhnevolzhsky; 12) Ural; 13) Verkhneobsky; 14) Irtysh; 15) Nizhneobsky; 16) Angaro-Baikal; 17) Yenisei; 18) Lensky; 19) Anadyr-Kolyma; 20) Amur.
Public Administration:
Slide 5
The Water Code of the Russian Federation determines the division of competence between state authorities of the Russian Federation, state authorities of a constituent entity of the Russian Federation and local governments in the field of use and protection of water bodies. To the powers of bodies state power The Russian Federation in the field of water relations includes: 1) ownership, use, disposal of water bodies that are in federal ownership; 2) development, approval and implementation of schemes for the integrated use and protection of water bodies and amendments to these schemes; 3) implementation of federal state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies; 4) organization and implementation of state monitoring of water bodies; 5) establishing the procedure for maintaining the state water register and its maintenance; 6) approval of the procedure for preparing and making a decision on the provision of a water body for use, the procedure for preparing and concluding a water use agreement; 7) determining the procedure for creating and carrying out the activities of basin councils; 8) hydrographic and water management zoning of the territory of the Russian Federation; 9) establishment of fee rates for the use of water bodies in federal ownership, the procedure for calculating and collecting such fees; 10) establishing a procedure for approving standards for permissible impacts on water bodies and target indicators of water quality in water bodies; 11) territorial redistribution of surface water flow, replenishment of water resources of underground water bodies; 12) approval of rules for the use of reservoirs; 13) establishment of regimes for the passage of floods, special releases, filling and release (release of water) of reservoirs; 14) determination of the procedure for carrying out state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies, as well as for compliance special conditions water use and use of sections of the coastal strip (including areas adjacent to hydropower facilities) within the boundaries of the protection zones of hydropower facilities; 15) determination of the procedure for reserving sources of drinking and domestic water supply; 16) establishing the procedure for using water bodies for take-off and landing of aircraft; 17) implementation of measures to prevent the negative impact of water and eliminate its consequences in relation to water bodies that are in federal ownership and located on the territories of two or more constituent entities of the Russian Federation; 18) approval of the methodology for calculating damage caused to water bodies; 19) determination of criteria for classifying objects as objects subject to federal state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies, regional state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies; 20) approval of lists of objects subject to federal state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies; 21) establishing a list of officials exercising federal state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies, as well as compliance with special conditions for water use and use of sections of the coastal strip (including areas adjacent to hydropower facilities) within the boundaries of the protection zones of hydropower facilities.
Slide 6
The powers of state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the field of water relations include: 1) ownership, use, and disposal of water bodies owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; 2) establishing payment rates for the use of water bodies owned by constituent entities of the Russian Federation, the procedure for calculating and collecting such fees; 3) participation in the activities of basin councils; 4) development, approval and implementation of programs of constituent entities of the Russian Federation for the use and protection of water bodies or parts thereof located on the territories of constituent entities of the Russian Federation; 5) reservation of sources of drinking and domestic water supply; 6) implementation of regional state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies, with the exception of water bodies subject to federal state supervision, as well as compliance with special conditions for water use and use of coastal areas (including areas adjacent to hydropower facilities) within the boundaries of protective zones hydropower facilities located on water bodies subject to regional state supervision over their use and protection; 7) approval of the rules for using water bodies for navigation on small vessels; 8) approval of rules for the protection of human life on water bodies; 9) participation in the organization and implementation of state monitoring of water bodies; 10) implementation of measures to prevent the negative impact of water and eliminate its consequences in relation to water bodies owned by the constituent entities of the Russian Federation; 11) implementation of measures to protect water bodies owned by constituent entities of the Russian Federation; 12) approval of lists of objects subject to regional state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies; 13) establishment of a list of officials exercising regional state supervision in the field of use and protection of water bodies, as well as compliance with special conditions for water use and use of sections of the coastal strip (including areas adjacent to hydropower facilities) within the boundaries of the protection zones of hydropower facilities located on water bodies subject to regional state supervision over their use and protection.
Slide 7
To the powers of local government bodies in relation to water bodies owned municipalities, include:
1) possession, use, disposal of such water bodies; 2) implementation of measures to prevent the negative impact of water and eliminate its consequences; 3) implementation of measures to protect such water bodies; 4) establishment of fee rates for the use of such water bodies, the procedure for calculating and collecting this fee. 5) establishing rules for the use of public water bodies located on the territories of municipalities for personal and domestic needs, etc. providing citizens with information about restrictions on water use at public water bodies located on the territories of municipalities.
Slide 8
Rosvodresursy (Federal Agency of Water Resources) Don BVU (basin water management) Rostoblkompriroda
Slide 9
Rostov region:
The territory of the Rostov region is covered with a dense network of rivers and streams. These are mostly small rivers with little water flow. Almost all of them are tributaries of the Don River or its main tributaries. Only a few, including the Kagalnik and Mius rivers, flow into the Sea of Azov. All rivers of the Rostov region belong to the Atlantic Ocean basin, since the Sea of Azov is an inland sea of the Atlantic Ocean.
Slide 10
Main water bodies of the RO:
Don. The fifth longest river in the European part of Russia with a length of 1870 km. (in the region - 480 km.). The ancient name is Amazonia, Tanais. The source of the river is located near the city of Novomoskovsk, Tula region. The drainage area of the basin is 422 thousand sq. km. Crossing the entire territory of the region from east to southwest, the Don flows into the Taganrog Bay, forming a delta. Don Delta. The Don is divided into forty large and small branches, flowing into the Taganrog Bay. Already six kilometers from the Rostov port, the Don delta begins - the unnavigable, shallow Dead Donets goes to the right. The length of the delta from the beginning to the Taganrog Bay is 30 km, the total area of the delta is 340 sq. km, with a large number of branches and channels. The formation of the Don delta began 4-4.5 million years ago. Taganrog Bay - North-eastern part of the Sea of Azov. The length of the bay is 140 km, depth is from 2 to 6 meters. With strong northeastern or southwestern winds, shallowing occurs several kilometers from the sea edge of the delta or, conversely, flooding of the delta due to rising water levels. Seversky Donets. The main tributary of the Don (right). The total length is 1053 km, the length across the region is 280 km. The ancient name of the river is Sirgis. On the Rostov soil, Seversky Donets includes on the left Derkul, Kalitvinets, Kalitva, Bystraya; on the right - Bolshaya and Malaya Kamenka, Likhaya, Kundryuchya. From the mouth to the city of Donetsk, the Seversky Donets is navigable. At the mouth is the port of Ust-Donetsk. Tsimlyansk Reservoir. The Tsimlyansky hydroelectric complex is the largest hydraulic structure included in the Volga-Don Canal complex. The reservoir is located 309 km from the mouth of the Don River. The total volume is 23.86 cubic km, the area of the water surface is 2702 sq. km. The main purpose of the regulated flow on the Don River and the Tsimlyansk Reservoir is to ensure irrigation of agricultural crops; creation of a single navigable route from the Baltic to the Black Sea, ensuring the passage of river-sea vessels; improving conditions for commercial fish farming. Lakes. There are many lakes in the Rostov region. These are mainly floodplain lakes. Their regime is connected with the regime of rivers. The lakes of the Manych depression are tectonic, relict, and some of them contain healing hydrogen sulfide mud (black silt at the bottom of the lake). There is a lake-saucer area. The largest lake in the Rostov region, Manych-Gudilo, is a relict, tectonic lake. Its average area is 344 sq. km, average depth is 0.66 m. The water in the lake is salty. In total, there are 250 lakes within the region; lakes with an area of less than 0.1 sq. km predominate.
Slide 11
SMALL RIVER is a river whose basin is located in one geographical zone, and its hydrological regime, under the influence of local factors, may not be typical for rivers in this zone.
On the territory of the Rostov region, 4,551 rivers flow in the Don River basin (of which 165 are small and medium-sized rivers with a total length of 9,565 km), the main part of which are rivers less than 10 km long. The share of rivers with a length of 100-500 km or more accounts for only 0.77%. Small rivers in the steppe zone are the main sources of water supply settlements, industry and agricultural production. In our semi-arid climate, with little snow in winter and long, hot summers, their ecological condition becomes vitally important.
TEMERNIK
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