Equipment for drying chambers. Drying chamber for wood

Classmates

Small-scale production of cookies as a business is gaining popularity among housewives, but the profitability of such a business is insignificant, so home cooking is more of a hobby with a pleasant material bonus than a business that brings a stable income.

However, there is an opportunity to put baked goods on stream and receive more significant profits.

Features of the confectionery business

The main and undeniable advantages of cookie production as a business:

• demand for products,
• long shelf life,
• independence from seasonality,
• quick payback.

However, among confectioners there are very high level competition, although not only corporations, but also small manufacturers operate freely in this segment.

Main competitive advantage there should be an optimal price/quality ratio, an updated assortment, a certain highlight of the product.

Before calculating the required investments, you need to decide what niche in confectionery business planned to take.

You can stay on the level home production, or you can develop your business to the level of a mini-workshop.

Home production

Baking cookies in limited quantities can become not only a hobby with a small income, but also with the right approach bring significant profits.

To do this, it is necessary, first of all, to show imagination and offer the consumer an original product, from the recipe to the packaging method (for example, making fortune cookies).

In addition, you need to find your market with a regular consumer.

To develop your business and attract new clients, you can place private advertisements on Internet resources, create your own blog and use recommendations from regular customers.

To organize such a small business there is no need to purchase expensive industrial equipment, it is enough to have ordinary household appliances and a large supply of free time.

Production workshop

With the technological production scheme, it is necessary to purchase industrial equipment.

Considering that equipping production lines is a fairly expensive undertaking, it is necessary to select equipment with a view to the future.

So, with the right calculations, you can purchase equipment with higher productivity than required. This will make it possible to increase production capacity in the future without resorting to costly re-equipment.

Own confectionery shop with equipment required large area, not less than 200 square meters.

When choosing a premises for purchase or rent, it is necessary to evaluate the availability of all necessary communications, as well as the possibility of zoning the space to allocate cabins and storage.

Profitability

Calculating profits from home production is quite difficult, since it is necessary to take into account a number of individual factors - from the recipe to the “serving” options. finished product, the solvency of the end consumer.

Calculation industrial production focused on average market prices:

1. The most expensive part that needs to be included in the spending plan is the purchase of equipment, which will cost on average about 600,000 rubles.
2. In addition, there will be costs associated with paying staff, since even a small workshop will require at least 7 workers. You have to pay about 150,000 rubles per month.
3. Depending on the production capacity, the costs of purchasing raw materials are calculated.

With a small capacity, up to 15 tons of products per month, sold at a wholesale price (about 50,000 rubles per ton), revenue will be about 750 thousand rubles. Less expenses net profit will be about 250,000 rubles.

The average percentage of profitability of cookie production as a business ranges from 20 to 25. Within 10-12 months, with positive calculations, the initial costs will pay off by 100%.

Small production (home or small industrial) due to insignificant volumes of products allows us to guarantee the buyer a high level of quality, which will become additional benefit in a competitive environment.

Regardless of the type of cookies (be it diet biscuits or buttery “nuts”), if you build your business correctly, you can find “your” buyer.

It is worth noting that small entrepreneurs who consider the production of cookies as a business should not go to large trading platforms for the purpose of selling their goods.

This is primarily due to the fact that retail chains use minimal markups, so you will have to significantly reduce the price finished products, which will affect the profitability of your own business.

Cookies should be sold through stores retail or open your own point of sale.

The business of selling cookies is promising due to the demand for this confectionery product, which leads to a quick payback at a relatively small investments. Its consumption volume is ahead of even cakes and pastries, and at the same time shows an increase every year.

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Services provided

A cookie business can provide the following services:

• manufacturing various types products: puff pastry, biscuit, curd, shortbread and others;
• baked goods to order.

Relevance

Biscuit production volumes increase annually by an average of 2.5-5%. Thanks to the constant rise in prices for this product and the high cost of competitors' products, a novice entrepreneur will be able to quickly recoup his production.

The relevance of the business is due to the fact that:

1. Cookies are a mass product, and finding a buyer will not be difficult.
2. Demand for goods does not depend on seasonality and does not disappear even during economic crises.
3. Cookies are purchased not only for home tea drinking. Some original products are bought as gifts.
4. The profitability of the business is quite high - from 25%.

Market description and analysis

On average, Russian residents consume 650-700 tons of cookies per year. Greater interest in the product is shown in megacities.

Market Features:

1. The most popular types of cookies in all Russian cities are traditionally sugar and oatmeal.
2. There are opportunities for new entrepreneurs to enter the biscuit market despite its subdued growth.
3. The short shelf life of the goods does not allow transportation confectionery over long distances. This gives an advantage to local producers, since cookies are practically not imported from other cities. The exception is products sold in supermarkets. For transportation over long distances and the possibility of sale over a long period of time, they are placed in special packaging.

Target Audience

Cookies generally have no age restrictions or contraindications for use. Target Audience business are people of all ages, regardless of financial status.

Conventionally, buyers can be divided into groups:

• pensioners and middle-aged people buying cookies for home tea parties;
• students replacing their lunch with a sweet product;
• office workers purchasing goods for work coffee breaks.

Competitive advantages

Selling cookies is a highly competitive business. It is necessary to focus the attention of buyers on any distinctive feature that will make the production unique and help it stand out from competitors.

These benefits may include:

• regular updating of the assortment and baking of new types of products according to our own recipe;
• production of unusual cookies - enriched with vitamins, low-calorie or made without dyes using exclusively natural ingredients;
• baking any, even the most non-standard, cookies to order in accordance with the buyer’s idea;
• Periodically holding free product tastings.

Advertising campaign

The best advertising campaign will be people's recommendations. However, at the initial stage of production, information should be further disseminated to social networks and on your own one-page website. Advertisements must contain beautiful and high quality photos manufactured cookies.

Step-by-step opening instructions

In order to organize the production of cookies, it is necessary to analyze every step towards building a business. For example, think about which sites are best to place recruitment advertisements and decide on the range of baked goods.

Step-by-step instructions for starting a cookie business:

1. Analyze the work of competitors and draw up a business plan with all the calculations.
2. Prepare documents for registering and running your own business.
3. Buy or rent premises to house a workshop and make repairs to it.
4. Provide the production area with the necessary equipment.
5. Conclude contracts with qualified personnel.
6. Launch an effective advertising campaign.

The video shows step by step instructions opening a cookie business. Filmed by the Business Arena channel.

Documents

The best organizational and legal form for a cookie production business would be an individual entrepreneur or LLC. It is easier for the owner of an officially registered business to obtain loans from investors and credit institutions.

The financial turnover of a beginning entrepreneur is usually less than 79.74 million rubles established by law. Therefore, a businessman can use a simplified taxation system.

Documents required for individual entrepreneur registration:

• completed application;
• a copy of an identity document;
• receipt of payment of state duty (800 rubles).

Documents required for LLC registration:

• completed application;
• decision to create;
• constituent documents;
• receipt of payment of state duty (4 thousand rubles).

A complete list of documents required for business registration is contained in Federal law dated 08.08.2001 N 129-FZ.

For the activities of the workshop, you will also need other papers:

• sanitary and epidemiological conclusion;
• permission from Rospotrebnadzor;
• production control program;
• fire safety certificate;
• a concluded contract for the provision of solid waste removal services;
• contracts for deratization and disinfestation of premises;
• medical records of employees;
• quality certificates for the biscuits produced.

Room and design

For placement production workshop you need to rent a room. It must comply with the requirements of SanPiN 2.3.4.551-96.

Additional terms:

• total area of ​​at least 50 sq. m.;
• ceiling height 3.5 meters or more;
• zoning for the production line, living rooms for workers and warehouses;
• supplied water supply and sewerage;
• connection to electrical networks power 31 kW;
• availability of a convenient place for transport access.

You can open a cafe next to the workshop, which will also serve as a store. In the establishment, visitors will be able to try the produced cookies over a cup of coffee or purchase goods to take away.

The design of a cafe-shop can be as simple as possible - for example, made in pastel colors. You can decorate the room with photo wallpapers depicting cookies or drawings of products.

Equipment and inventory

A ready-made model of a mini-workshop with an area of ​​18 m2 is suitable for beginning entrepreneurs. According to the seller, the self-sufficiency of such production is only 4 months.

A businessman can choose the configuration of the workshop. However, the price only includes equipment. Confectionery equipment You will need to purchase your own utensils.

Table “Description of the mini-workshop”.

The estimated productivity of the cookie production line is up to 50 kg/hour of the finished product. Delivery of the mini-workshop across Russia takes place using transport companies or by using container shipping.

Equipment for a confectionery shop:

1. Jigging machine MB-120. Forms cookies from different types of dough: from shortbread to biscuit. One machine allows you to produce several types of products. Reconfiguring the equipment can be done in 10 minutes. The minimum volume of deposited cookies is from 10 kg. The operator can set the operating speed independently.
2. Rack oven KhPE-750/3S. Equipped with three autonomous baking chambers that operate independently of each other. The top and bottom of the oven are heated separately. Glass doors allow you to monitor the baking process. The power consumption of the machine is quite low and helps to save energy.
3. Flour sifter MP-500. Allows you to remove particles of grains and metal impurities and saturate the flour with oxygen for the oxidation process. It is also used for sorting burnt batches or expired cookies. Spoiled raw materials are crushed, the smallest pieces are added to the dough, and large pieces go through the procedure again.
4. Cream whipping machine B-20. Any dough can be kneaded on it - from custard to oatmeal. The device mixes it completely, leaving no lumps of flour.
5. Mixer V-10. Needed for mixing the filling and creating decorative elements. The equipment connects to a regular outlet and can be installed anywhere.
6. Hammer crusher Molot-200. Allows you to make powdered sugar and crush production defects.
7. Foot dispenser DF-50. Needed for making filled cookies. It works on the principle of a piston. The amount of filling is adjusted using the pedal stroke.
8. Cutting knife BSF-501 and heat chamber BS-4525. Equipment needed for packaging cookies.

Rack oven KHPE-750/3S Price: 74,000 rubles Foot dispenser DF-50 Price: 36,000 rubles Hammer crusher Molot-200 Price: 36,000 rubles Mixer V-10 Price: 23,000 rubles Cream whipping machine B-20 Price: 37,000 rubles Flour sifter MP-500 Price: 29,900 rubles Cutting knife BSF-501 Price: 73,500 rubles Jigging machine MB-120 Price: 173,000 rubles

To produce cookies you will also need the following equipment:

Staff

The number of employees depends on the scale of production. Only 4 people can operate the mini-workshop. Work can be organized in one shift.

When hiring personnel, it is necessary to pay attention to the applicants' knowledge of production processes. In addition, future employees must be disciplined and have experience in such work. One of the main requirements is that all workers, including the loader, have a medical card.

Financial plan

The financial plan shows how much money you need to spend to open your own biscuit business and how long it will take to pay off the costs. This section of the business plan consists of several parts.

The financial plan is divided into:

• calculating the funds needed to organize production;
• head of regular expenses;
• income division.

How much does it cost to start a cookie business?

The amount of start-up investment depends on the scale of production. The minimum involves baking cookies by hand at home. The most cost-effective business is the organization of an automatic production line.

Calculation of starting investments for the operation of a mini-workshop:

Regular expenses

Monthly expenses of a mini-workshop may include:

Income

The maximum output of the mini-workshop per month (22 shifts) is 35.7 tons of cookies. The wholesale price for 1 ton of product is set at 42 thousand rubles. Based on these indicators, you can calculate your monthly profit automatic production. On average it will be 1,500,000 rubles.

Schedule

Planning the actions necessary to start a business depends on the chosen format of your own business. Preparations for opening can take from one to three months.

Home production does not involve finding premises and hiring staff. Creating your own website and purchasing raw materials will take less than one month.

Schedule for opening a mini-workshop:

Risks and payback

Financial calculations show that selling cookies is a profitable business. It is possible to recoup production in two to four months in the conditions of a mini-workshop. However, before starting your own business, it is necessary to analyze the specific types of threats inherent in such a business.

Risks are divided into:

1. Technological related to breakdowns and incorrect operation of equipment. In order not to encounter them for the longest possible time, you should purchase new equipment and periodically inspect its condition.
2. Subjective - for example, hiring unqualified personnel. To avoid such risks, you must seek help from recruitment agency at the stage of searching for employees. It is necessary to constantly conduct various briefings and trainings for personnel, which will improve the quality of their work and the performance of the workshop as a whole.

Entrepreneurs working from home are subject to the least threats, while the greatest threats are to owners of factories and workshops. In general, a business selling cookies can be classified as an enterprise with minimal risk of losing money.

As you know, freshly cut wood is not used in production and construction due to the presence of a large amount of moisture in it. Such lumber is called wet. To improve its mechanical and physical characteristics, a lumber drying chamber is used. As a result, biological stability increases, the level of strength and other qualities of wood rise.

The need for drying lumber

Previously, when making various fakes using wood, they used timber that had been cut down years earlier so that they could dry evenly.

It is very important to get rid of moisture from the wood. For example, making wooden furniture from lumber that is too wet will cause it to dry out over time. After all, the tree can dry out, its size decreases and leads to damage.

Making a door from very dry material can cause it to swell, causing it to not close. If the door panel is selected from blanks that have been dried intermittently in volume, a rupture may occur or it will warp. Its deformation is noticeable in various planes and with at different speeds. As a result, tension lines appear inside the material, which cause cracks.

In addition to the fact that the board cracks, transverse deformation is also possible; it can bend in an arc and raise the edges unevenly.

Mostly, cracks in the board are observed along the fibers, initially from the end.

Therefore, all logging operations are advised to dry out. Moreover, drying wood protects the material from damage by fungus, which destroys the tree, prevents changes in the shape and size of the tree, and increases the physical and mechanical qualities of the wood.

Drying takes a long time, this procedure is complex and expensive. According to established technologies, the material is heated with superheated steam or a hot air stream.

Dried, it lasts longer. And also during use, lumber does not deform. Drying takes place in steam chambers, where damage to the material inside is prevented.

The concept of moisture content of lumber

Absolute humidity is the percentage of the weight of liquid present to the weight of a specific volume of dried material. The presence of relative humidity is characterized by the percentage of the weight of the liquid removed (by 2 weighings) to the original weight of the material.

The usability level is calculated taking into account the relative humidity. The value indicates the readiness of the lumber for gluing and drying. When the humidity value is more than 30%, the tree is considered damp, and there is a risk of fungal infection.

Moisture content in wood is divided into two groups.

Free moisture– present in cell cavities and intercellular spaces. The presence of such moisture is determined by the conditions in which the tree grew and how the sawn pieces were stored. When drying, free moisture leaves the board very quickly.

Related (structural)- a liquid that is found in the walls of cells. Each type of wood has its own rate of presence of structural moisture. Liquid elimination is slow, so drying can take months or years in a normal environment.

Wood is divided into three categories:

• Wet – relative moisture content is more than 23%.
• Semi-dry – moisture content 18–23%.
• Dry – moisture content value 6–18%.

Indicators of moisture content of lumber for different types of work

Depending on the purpose of the wooden blank, the material is dried in different ways. Wood is dried to 6–8% moisture content if it requires mechanical processing and collection of products for high-precision combinations affecting the level of use (skis, parquet, musical instruments).

Transport presence of moisture contains 18–22%. This presence of water in lumber corresponds to long transits in warm time year. Wood that has been dried to such a moisture content is most often used in building a house, making containers, or if there is no need for interchangeability during installation.

Carpentry dampness has subspecies. Molded materials include deck boards, cladding, and floorboards, which should have a moisture content of 15%. Lumber products, such as doors, windows, stairs, made from solid or glued material, tolerate 8–15% humidity.

Furniture humidity, depending on the degree of the product and the use of solid or glued material, is 8%. It is at this humidity that wood exhibits optimal qualities for finishing, gluing, and subsequent use. Basically, the moisture content is reduced to 7–10% with partial disinfection of the wood and taking into account the regularity of moisture throughout the material, maintaining the mechanical qualities of the board, and the absence of cracks forming outside and inside the lumber.

Features of drying chambers

Industries that process wood process up to 1 thousand cubic meters every year. lumber. The main role in this process is played by the drying chamber, which provides the material with the necessary quality.

Drying equipment is used to quickly dry wood, which makes it possible to prepare high-quality products and immediately send them for further processing. Boards that dry out on their own can delay production for weeks and sometimes months. In addition, such material may have defects and shortcomings that are unacceptable in wide production.

Factories that manufacture wood drying chambers provide full service to their customers. They design modern chamber dryers and professionally install equipment, launch it, set it up and provide service.

When manufacturing a drying chamber, specialists calculate the acceptable volume and number of chambers, providing customers with a large selection of equipment for various needs. Chambers for drying wood are produced with a volume of 30–300 cubic meters. m and more. In addition, equipment may differ in the type of chamber loading and warming method. The most popular are chambers that are heated by water, steam, or electricity.

Advantages of designs

The advantages of drying chambers that are made to order include:

• design and creation of drying plants according to the required volume and needs of the buyer;
• production of drying equipment made of aluminum and stainless steel;
• remote control of material drying using the Internet.

The lumber dryer has modern ventilation equipment, which is equipped with fans from German and Italian manufacturers. Installation, startup and configuration of the device is carried out at a professional level.

Which drying chambers for lumber are better?

In industry, various methods of drying timber are used for wood processing. These are atmospheric, chamber drying, contact drying, drying in liquids, as well as induction, rotational, radiation and PAP drying.

The required energy in convective drying equipment is transferred to wood using the air circulation, and the necessary heat transfer to the material comes through convention.

Camera types

There are 2 types of convection chambers - tunnel dryers and chamber dryers.

Tunnel dryer is a deep chamber into which piles of stacks are pushed from the wet end to the dry end.

Such chambers must necessarily be filled at one end and empty at the other. The process of pushing stacks is carried out 1 piece at a time, the interval between each is 4–12 hours. They are used by large sawmills, they only perform transport drying of lumber.

Chamber installation most commonly used in industry. The process takes place in a gaseous environment. This is heated air or superheated steam at atmospheric pressure. Drying in such equipment is carried out regardless of climatic and atmospheric conditions. The entire process is controlled, allowing the production of material with different final moisture content.

Atmospheric drying of hardwood takes place in an open warehouse or under a canopy. At low temperatures, the air has little ability to absorb moisture vapor, so it passes slowly, and in winter it may stop. This method is used to dry exported lumber at factories that ship the material during the season.

According to the method of circulation, there are chambers that have incentive and natural circulation. The wood drying chamber with natural circulation is outdated and ineffective.

The drying mode in them is practically not regulated, and the rate of uniform drying of lumber is unsatisfactory. Such drying is not recommended for modern construction.

Making a drying chamber for lumber with your own hands

To make your own drying chamber, you first need to select the material for the frame. Most often, metal racks from a corner are used, or wooden beams, treated with an antiseptic. The walls are covered with metal sheets, moisture-resistant plywood panels, and profiled rolled products. Thermal insulation is carried out using polystyrene foam and mineral moisture-resistant wool.

Before construction, the location of the dryer is determined in order to make a concrete foundation. The foundation is necessary so that the structure is stable and the load on the ground is evenly distributed.

The frame is assembled by welding or bolted connections. Then you should sheathe the walls from the inside, insert doors and windows. The layer of thermal insulation on the floor should be at least 12–15 cm. Then you need to check the chamber for leaks by placing a powerful fan heater with the hot air directed parallel to the boards.

Drying the boards is necessary to obtain high-quality raw materials. After all, building a house using damp lumber will lead to distortions and damage to its integrity. Therefore, it is important to take seriously the removal of excess moisture from wood.

Video: DIY drying

All wood processing enterprises make a profit from the sale of manufactured products. And the deeper the wood processing, the more profitable production. Before purchasing equipment, every entrepreneur asks the following questions: What types of wood drying chambers are there, what devices are they equipped with, and which one to choose for your production?

If you choose the wrong equipment, then profitability will drop. And the larger range of drying chambers for wood on the market makes the task of choosing even more difficult.

The main types of drying chambers include:

1. Dielectric.
2. Convector
3. Vacuum
4. Aerodynamic

The method of drying wood in various ways was invented back in the 60s, but due to the high costs of electricity and the complexity of the design, the technology began to be used only recently. Most often, convector type dryers are used all over the world. Why is this happening? Other designs can be used with a number of restrictions and subtleties of use. The main disadvantages of using induction, condensation and vacuum dryers for wood:

1. Aerodynamic chambers require more power consumption;
2. Condensation structures are expensive, and drying in them lasts 2 times longer than in convector ones.
3. Vacuum dryers are expensive and are also expensive to maintain.
4. Dielectric ones require high energy costs, although they are considered one of the best.

Convector dryers

They use convectors not designed for drying wood various breeds and size. Due to the simplicity of their design, convection chambers are inexpensive to maintain, which indicates reliability. Therefore, to increase profitability, in 90 cases out of a hundred they purchase them.

Operating principle of a convection dryer

Heating occurs from a gaseous carrier (drying agent). When heated, the raw material is tapped. The drying agent can be steam, flue gas, or air. The moisture released from the wood serves as an additional humidification of the agent; the excess is drawn into the atmosphere through ventilation.

The air exchange in a convection dryer is no more than 2% of the total amount, so the energy efficiency is noticeable.

Convection dryer components and equipment

There are many configurations from different manufacturers, but there are basic options:

1. Equipment for a drying hangar that has already been built or is just under construction.
2. Full construction with hardware.

Equipment housing

The body is made entirely of metal and is assembled on a monolithic columnar foundation. The metal used for manufacturing is carbon steel or aluminum with a corrosion-resistant coating. The outside and inside of the hangar is covered with aluminum sheets. Individual elements inside the structure (deflectors, false flows, amplifiers, etc.) are also made of aluminum. The chamber is insulated with mineral wool in the form of slabs.

The structure is assembled in compliance with GOSTs and SNiPs. Options requiring additions and extensions are carried out according to an additionally developed scheme. The basic assembly is designed for an average snow load.

Models of convection chambers

Convection drying chambers are produced by domestic and foreign companies. The most common are Helios: ASKM-7, ASKM-10, ASKM-15, ASKM-25. They are used for drying any type of wood of drying categories I, II, III and 0. According to reviews, these models work quickly, since German fans are used in the mechanism. And installation and maintenance of ASKM models is simple. Price from 700,000 rubles, depending on size and power.

Vacuum drying chambers

The designs are designed specifically for expensive types of raw materials (teak, wenge, rosewood, oak, angera, etc.). Vacuum dryers can also be used for any coniferous or deciduous wood.

Working principle of a vacuum dryer

The vacuum dryer operates by convection heating of wood and vacuum removal of excess moisture. Temperature maximum +65 0С. But due to the vacuum, 0.09 MPa boils at 45.5 0C. This allows the drying process to be carried out without aggressive influences. high temperatures, which does not create high internal stress, and the wood does not crack.

During operation, the temperature rises to 65 0C, the automation is activated and the electric boiler is turned off. The top part of the wood begins to cool and moisture from within begins to flow to the drier parts. During the entire drying process, such processes can occur up to 250 times. This way the moisture is evenly drawn out along the entire length and depth of the raw material. The maximum moisture difference in different parts of the tree can be 0.5-1.5%, and completely dried wood has a moisture content of 4-6%.

Models of popular vacuum designs

The most common model of vacuum chambers is Helios. Helios wood drying chambers differ in power, loading volume and other technical characteristics. More details about TX Helios in the table:

Aerodynamic wood drying chambers

These drying chambers resemble a metal box lined with aluminum professional flooring. An aerodynamic chamber of various modifications is used to dry all types of wood, with a load of 3-25 m3. To order, you can purchase individually designed chambers with a loading capacity of up to 43 m3.

The good thing about the aerodynamic chamber is that the operation is fully automated and requires a minimum number of workers.

The frame of the aerodynamic chamber consists of solid metal sewn onto a supporting frame. The chamber is made in the form of a quadrangular box, into which it is convenient to load wood by machine or by train. ways. The entire internal structure is equipped with automatic condensate collectors.

Operating principle

Drying is carried out under the influence of aerodynamic energy. Heated air circulates in the chamber under the influence of a specifically designed aerodynamic fan. Due to compression, the air in the chamber increases the temperature on the centrifugal fan, specifically on its blades. This is how aerodynamic losses are converted into thermal energy.

Heat is pumped into the chamber, depending on the design, in a reverse or dead-end manner. The aerodynamic chamber is started with one “start” button and opens only after the cycle is completely completed.

Models of air dryers

The most common aerodynamic dryers are Gelos SKV-25F, SKV-50F, SKV-12TA, SKV-25TA, SKV-50TA, as well as Italian EPL 65.57.41, EPL 65.72.41, EPL 65.87.41, EPL 125.72.41, EPL 125.87.41. Helios was developed specifically for drying coniferous material. They cost from 1,500,000 rubles.

Dryers with microwave chamber

Microwave chambers were invented quite recently. This dryer resembles a closed metal container. It works under the influence of the reflective surface of microwave waves. Reminds the operating principle microwave oven. Using a microwave chamber you can dry material of any cross-section and size. Microwave cameras have a simple design and the wavelength can be adjusted to any length. This made it possible to dry any raw material using a microwave chamber. The microwave wave attenuation mode allows you to regulate the temperature inside the chamber. And reversible fans remove excess moisture from the system. Microwave drying is compared with dielectric drying, which is considered the most effective, but due to high energy costs it is not used in Russia.

The main disadvantages of microwave chambers include control of wood moisture and the high price of microwave dryers and electricity costs.

Models of microwave dryers

In Russia, this drying technology is offered by the engineering company in Moscow “Investstroy” - “SHF-Les”. A similar installation costs from 1,300,000 rubles. Microwave-Les needs to be serviced once every six months, at a price of 100,000 rubles.

Only half of the future profit depends on which camera the buyer chooses. Building and insulating a box is only part of all the work. It is important that the component equipment is of high quality.

Equipment for drying chambers

Equipment for dryers can be divided into types:

1. Thermal system.
2. Exhaust and humidification system.
3. Rail structure for loading and unloading

Ventilation equipment plays the role of uniform distribution of heated air. Installing a low-quality fan results in uneven drying of raw materials. According to GOST, the air movement inside the chamber should be optimally about 3 m/sec. This can be achieved using high-quality and powerful fans. All fans have a rotary or axial connection system.

This equipment depends on the power and model of the drying chamber. The heat generator can be an electric heater or a heat exchanger. They are installed only by specialists, and are used to pump and transfer thermal energy to the wood. A system such as a mini-boiler house running on liquid, gaseous or hard fuel can also act as a heat generator. It is convenient when work is carried out on wood production waste.

The Electra heater has a design consisting of a pipe and a chrome spiral wound around it. This generator has a small advantage: a simplified process for controlling the temperature inside the chamber.

Humidification system

To ensure constant uniform air humidity in dryers, humidification and exhaust equipment are used. Humidification is carried out through a complex system of nozzles, pipeline, and solenoid valve.

Extraction is carried out using a fan (usually a rotary one). The equipment operates using the following technology: when the humidity drops, the fan automatically turns off and the hood does not function. In this case, air humidification occurs through the evaporation of liquid, which enters the nozzle automatically when the valve opens.

When humidity rises, the valve closes and the fan turns on.

Rail loading and loading system

This equipment is installed at the camera assembly stage. The system consists of rails that are permanently mounted. On top of them are mounted stacking trolleys, which are needed for storing wood. Raw materials are placed on them and placed in a chamber; after drying, the carts are rolled out onto the street and packaged.

When choosing a chamber for drying wood, it is better to use the services of professionals, but do not neglect the information of specialists on the Internet.

The drying chamber is the most important equipment in woodworking enterprises, as it allows you to remove moisture from lumber, thermally treat the wood to prevent biological destruction, impart resistance to rotting, maintain mechanical strength at the lowest density, and create minimal thermal and electrical conductivity in the wood.

What are drying chambers and complexes?

Drying kilns are industrial equipment used for drying various types of lumber and wood species, hardwood or softwood, for fumigation of pallets. To process large volumes of wood, modular chambers are combined to create large-sized drying complexes.

Types of drying chambers and drying modes

MAKIL PLUS LLC offers drying chambers for lumber, with boilers (heating units) that burn (recycle) wood waste, which are divided into two types, depending on the coolant used:

1. Coolant - water. These installations consist of a boiler and water heaters, circulation pumps, automation adapted for use in cold weather (anti-freezing system), and a water treatment system. The system copes well with water softening, and the boiler power is selected based on the volume of drying chambers and additional consumers. Based on the above, a drying complex for drying water-type lumber has a high initial cost of the project, since it includes many expensive elements and requires specialized installation.
2. Coolant - air. The system includes an air heating unit with a capacity of 100 - 500 kW, a centrifugal fan and an air duct system. Initial costs for this equipment are included in the price of the camera, the customer receives ready-made solution without additional capital investments. The universal air heating unit has a higher efficiency compared to a water boiler and is capable of producing both minimum and higher temperatures than a water-type wood drying chamber.

To process wood in drying complexes, three main modes can be used: soft, medium and forced. When maintaining a soft mode with a temperature of up to 55°C, during the drying process the wood retains all its properties without changing in strength or color. When using the average (normal) mode with temperatures up to 67-70°C, the shade of the wood changes slightly. For high temperatures up to 85-90°C with forced mode, rapid drying is characteristic, but with darkening of the wood.

Technologies used by the company in the manufacture of cameras

The main advantage of drying kilns for wood is:

1. Autonomous operation of the system in the absence of heating networks
2. Minimum costs for fuel with simultaneous waste disposal
3. Compact placement of main and auxiliary equipment
4. Possibility of dismantling equipment and moving it to a prepared foundation
5. High degree thermal insulation of the chamber as a whole, tightness and insulation of sliding gates
6. Quickly warms up to the required temperature
7. Minimum heat loss through structures
8. The drying agent and coolant are both air and water.
9. Possibility of quick conversion to coolant.
10. Easy to maintain, easy to control.
11. Possibility of drying in any mode.
12. Drying complexes are made of 80% Russian materials that do not require a long wait when replaced.
13. The modular design allows you to add new drying chambers without stopping existing chambers.
14. Thermally protected reversible axial fans with Siemens/ electric motors
15. Litouch drying process control system from the world leader Logika concern
16. The ability to program the controller up to 16 phases of lumber drying, which allows you to create special climatic conditions inside the chamber for the drying process.
17. High maintainability during operation

These technologies not only make it possible to dry lumber without changing color or cracking, but also ensure trouble-free operation of the equipment.

Economic payback of wood waste chambers

Economic payback is one of the benefits of equipment from the MAKIL PLUS company. A wood drying complex, on average, pays for itself within a year, since the cost of drying 1 cubic meter, including the cost of servicing the device, is about 450 rubles. In addition, purchasing a completely ready-to-use installation solves the problem of wood waste disposal. At the same time, mixed waste even with a high percentage of moisture is suitable for work.

The company "MAKIL PLUS" produces for sale drying equipment with chambers with a volume from 10 to 140 m 3, which are manufactured both according to ready-made projects and under individual requirements customer. Drying complexes for wood “MAKIL PLUS” are already operating in every region of Russia and are becoming more in demand every day.

More detailed information on this equipment and its purchase can be obtained by contacting the managers of our company.