What is needed for successful communication in social studies. Rules for communicating with people: easy and effective
Man is a social being. Communication with each other is a normal, natural and necessary process for the individual. Some people literally attract and attract others to themselves, communicating with them is easy and pleasant; this is successful communication. For some people, communication is very difficult. Fortunately, there are special rules that help you establish and maintain successful communication with other people.
This article provides ten rules successful communication , designed to help everyone become more sociable, successful and popular.
Rule 1. Listen to your interlocutor! Everyone likes to be heard. When you listen to another person, he feels interesting and in demand, of course, this will arouse reciprocal interest in you, which will support successful communication. This rule is important to remember in any conversation.
Rule 2. Be informed! A broad outlook attracts friends and promotes successful communication. Many writers and philosophers have commented on how pleasant it is to have a conversation with someone who can provide at least some support for every topic. Books, intellectual films, and information sites will help you follow this rule.
Rule 3. Be careful with displays of erudition. It may seem that this rule contradicts the previous one. In fact, it is about maintaining balance. Of course, for successful communication it is worth showing erudition and knowledge. At the same time, it is dangerous to suppress your interlocutor. Nobody likes to feel stupider than someone else! Pointing out errors and inaccuracies in reasoning to others should be done as carefully as possible so as not to offend or offend the person.
Rule 4. Positivity is the key to successful communication. Many of us have problems, troubles, offensive situations... In such cases, we want to speak out and express our pain. But you should be more careful when expressing negative feelings: it is better to speak out to your relatives, family members, closest friends - that is, to those people who can understand, support, and help. Unnecessary outpourings can scare off people you don’t know. Few people are really interested in hearing about other people's problems and failures. U of this rule There is also a downside: excessive talk about one’s own successes and achievements can also become an obstacle to successful communication. After all, such a direction in a conversation can easily be perceived as boasting, and it interferes with successful communication. It is better to start conversations with unfamiliar people with neutral topics.
Rule 5. Respect your own and other people's boundaries! There are things that are usually discussed only with close people or within the family circle. These are very personal issues concerning, for example, family relationships, finances, intimate life, etc. An attempt to raise such issues with strangers may be perceived as excessive familiarity, which will interfere with successful communication. Following this rule also involves asserting your own boundaries. There are things you have the right not to talk about. Personal life is personal for that.
Rule 6. Smile! It's hard to find a person who doesn't like talking to a smiling and friendly interlocutor. For successful communication, it is important that the smile be sincere.
Rule 7. Address the person as he introduces himself: by name, first name, patronymic, nickname. If you find it difficult to remember the first time, you can ask again. This is better than calling a person by other names, or not addressing him at all.
Rule 8. Say nice things to others! Be generous with compliments, acknowledge out loud the merits and achievements of your interlocutors. Successful communication is built on mutual respect. Of course, a balance is also needed here; don’t overdo it, otherwise it will look artificial, strange, and can strain your interlocutor.
Rule 9. Show interest in the person you are talking to. Be interested in him, his life (remember the rule about boundaries), discuss topics that are interesting to the person with whom you are talking; ask clarifying questions on topics that interest your interlocutor. Don't forget about sincerity! If the topic that your communication partner has brought up is completely alien to you, you can directly, but gently, state this and delicately move the conversation in a different direction.
Rule 10. Try to understand the person! Mentally put yourself in his place, look at the world through his eyes, imbued with his feelings. Understand that everyone is right in their own way - both you and every other person. But this is a relative truth, not an absolute truth.
I hope these rules will really help you establish successful communication with others. An important secret to applying rules in life: regularity. You need to constantly remember them and practice. Also remember that sociability is a learned, not an innate quality. If for some reason successful communication does not work out for you, the situation can always be changed by better side. The main thing here is to work on yourself and believe in yourself!
Most of the results of our work directly depend on a person’s ability to establish contacts. Communication skills truly solve most problems, provide choice, and open up new opportunities. What do you need to work on to make communication successful? Can everyone develop good communication skills?
Factors for successful communication
People understand without words many of the internal states of their interlocutor on a subconscious level. They are conveyed by body language, as psychologists say, this is non-verbal information, which is sometimes more eloquent than any words. What can our appearance tell us about us?
- Demeanor. A calm, confident attitude towards oneself can be read by a direct gaze, good posture, and the absence of nervous movements. Self-confidence is the basis of equal communication. Without it, you will always take the position of a beggar, losing any negotiations in advance.
- Well-groomed appearance. Whatever style a person prefers, clothes, hairstyle, shoes should be neat. However, when going for example to an interview with a potential employer, it is better to dress appropriately. By creating your own unique clothing style, you show your individuality. However, remember about aesthetics; it is better not to violate its basic laws.
- Facial expression, facial expressions, emotions. The stony, gloomy face looks repulsive. Excessive gaiety makes one suspect frivolity. Although of course it all depends on the situation. At a party, seriousness is unnecessary, just as it is inappropriate to make jokes at the negotiating table. Our face tells people a lot. It is worth learning to control our emotions and facial expressions so that our intentions are emphasized by non-verbal methods of transmitting information.
However, appearance is just the tip of the iceberg. The ability to make profitable contacts, make deals, and simply acquire good friends and acquaintances directly depends on several factors. Don't think that an ear-to-ear Hollywood smile will attract people to you. Quite the contrary. Ostentatious good nature, unnatural, artificial grimaces will only make others suspicious of you. Why? Because the facial expressions are so unnatural. Even you yourself will begin to get nervous, experience an unpleasant feeling that something is wrong. And convey it non-verbally to your interlocutor.
To ensure successful communication, follow these rules:
I think the main idea is clear: for communication to be successful, you need to work on your habits: control the flow of information that we transmit to others (verbal - verbal and non-verbal - body language). The ability to assess a situation, behave in accordance with it, speak freely, show interest and respect for your interlocutor, remain yourself, and respect the freedom of others are the basic factors of successful communication.
Krugovykh Svetlana Nikolaevna
MBOU Secondary School No. 33, Belgorod
Social studies lesson topic in 5th grade"Learning to communicate"
Target: introduce students to the laws and features of communication; show different examples of positive and negative situations in communication; develop a system of communication rules.
Planned results :
Subject UUD: students will learn to explain the meaning of the concepts communication, conflict; identify characteristic features communication;
meta-subject UUD: express your thoughts accurately and competently; defend one’s point of view (reflection during the discussion; determine a new level of attitude towards oneself as a subject of activity; analyze the results of research, record them;
personal UUD: developing the ability to analyze one’s own problems and take responsibility for one’s decisions; development of creative abilities through active forms of activity; fostering a kind, respectful attitude towards people.
Equipment: handouts, presentation.
Lesson type: problem-based.
Lesson progress
II. Motivational-target stage
Mr. Oster wrote the book “Bad Advice”, now we will get to know them and find out which of you also acts as Mr. Oster describes.
- Relaxed and listened to advice.
If you are going to a friend
Tell me your troubles
Take a friend by the button
It's useless - he'll run away,
And it will leave you with a souvenir
This button is a friend.
Better give him a kick
Throw on the floor, sit on top
And then in detail
Tell me your trouble.
***
If you came to see your friends,
Don't say hello to anyone
The words "please", "thank you"
Don't tell anyone.
Turn away and ask questions
Don't answer anyone's questions.
And then no one will say
About you, that you are a talker.
***
If to dad or mom
Adult aunt came
And someone important leads
And a serious conversation
Need from behind unnoticed
sneak up on her and then
Shout loudly in your ear:
“Stop! Give up! Hands up!"
And when aunty gets off the chair
He'll fall out of fright
And he'll spill it on his dress
Tea, compote or jelly,
It's probably very loud
Mom will laugh
And, proud of my child,
Dad will shake your hand.
***
Be polite to your friends' mothers.
Say hello as you enter.
Don't say angry words.
Don't argue over trifles.
Stomp your feet and scream
You can't look at other people's mothers,
After all, each of us has
For this purpose its own.
***
Approaching strange boys
The girl should already
To meet them, make angry faces,
Show stones, sticks, fists
And shout out different threats.
Let them still feel from afar,
That the girl will not let herself be offended.
***
For example, they want you
Stop grimacing
Shout nonsense loudly,
Whine and spit
Pulling cats' tails
Girls by the braids,
Ask strangers
Wild questions
Kicking everyone
Eating porridge with your hands
And stick out your tongue
Grandma and mom.
It's difficult, but they
It might work out.
Be ready for everything then
Re-learn.
- Really “wonderful” advice?
- What do all these tips have in common?
- What do you think they have to do with the topic of our lesson?
(Students' answers.)
Well done! Right! We open our notebooks and write down the topic of our lesson: “Learning to communicate.”
- Try to guess what we will talk about in our lesson.
- What questions do you think we need to answer?
(Students' answers.)
Lesson plan:
The role and importance of communication in human life.
Workshop.
Training exercises.
III. Work on the topic of the lesson
The desire for friendly communication is a good personality quality. Friendly communication with different people- loved ones and strangers, peers and adults. But the ability to communicate is not given at birth. This needs to be learned, which is what we will do in our lesson.
1. The role and importance of communication in human life
"The only true luxury is luxury human communication" These words belong to the French writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry. Let's think about their meaning.
- What do you think Exupery wanted to say? (Students' answers.)
A person cannot live without communication, he needs it, it is joy, pleasure, luxury.
- Remember the literary hero who lived on a desert island. (Robinson Crusoe.)
He was deprived of many things: food, clothing, household items. But most of all, Robinson suffered not from hunger and deprivation, but from loneliness, he had no one to communicate with. Without communication, a person ceases to be human. This happened to Robinson's prototype, Alexander Selkirk.
Depriving a person of communication is a cruel punishment; this is what they do with criminals, placing them in solitary confinement. Living in society, people learn to follow general laws and behave in such a way that everyone feels comfortable. Therefore, the concepts of etiquette appeared - rules of polite behavior and speech etiquette- rules of communication using “magic” words, politeness formulas.
Problematic question. Why do you think a person needs communication?
(Students' answers.)
However, many people do not know how to communicate. It would seem that if communication is quite natural for all people, then each of us should be able to communicate with others. But some people sometimes develop a fear of communicating with people, or, in other words, social phobia. This fear usually arises in adolescence - the most difficult period in a person’s life. If the first conscious entry into society occurs in a negative way, then in the future the person will have problems communicating with people. Communication skills are acquired with age, and the most important thing is to master this art. Communication rules can help with this.
- Having divided into seven groups of 3 - 4 people, get acquainted with the rules of communication, answer the questions posed and complete the tasks.
For the first group
Rule #1: Be friendly and polite.
- What polite words do you know?
- Give examples of when these words should be used.
For the second group
Rule No. 2. Try to speak correctly and clearly.
- How have children been taught to speak for a long time, pronouncing all sounds clearly?
- What tongue twisters do you know? Tell me.
For the third group
Rule No. 3. Speak clearly, clearly, without unnecessary words.
- Comment on A. Khait’s poem “Extra Words.”
Somehow a citizen sees
That the barn is on fire.
He calls "01"
Urgently reports:
- I don't know how to start...
But, as they say,
I'm calling you, so to speak,
In general, it means
Here's the thing...
You can hang up:
Everything is already burned!
- Why has everything already burned down?
- How should a fire be reported?
For the fourth group
- Below are proverbs composed of two different parts. You need to combine the halves, get a whole statement, understand its meaning and think about what rule can be formulated. (Rule No. 4. Don’t skimp on a kind word .)
A kind word will not wither the tongue.
A bad word is also pleasant for a cat.
You can't wash down a kind word with sweet honey.
- Give examples of when you need to adhere to this rule.
For the fifth group
Rule No. 5. Weigh every word, think first, and then speak.
- Why is it necessary to weigh every word, to think first and then speak?
- Give examples when people speak first and think later.
- What are the consequences in this case?
For the sixth group
Rule No. 6. Don’t interrupt your interlocutor, know how to listen.
- Come up with and act out a scene in which one of the interlocutors constantly interrupts the other.
- Will there be full communication in this case? Why?
For the seventh group
Rule No. 7. Communication should be interesting to all interlocutors, do not be intrusive.
- How do you feel if communication with someone irritates you?
- And when are you not interested?
- And when is a partner intrusive?
As a rule, we do not have any problems communicating with people we know. We know well how they react to certain words, remarks, news. But you may not know what the reaction of strangers will be, so try to always be polite, speak with a smile, and make sure that your words are appropriate. Look the person in the eye, show sincere interest and attention to the interlocutor. If you cannot overcome yourself and do all of the above for one reason or another, it is better to simply avoid communicating with this person.
2. Workshop
- Take a close look at the drawings by X. Bidstrup on p. 24 textbooks.
- In what case do you think a person shows kindness and patience?
- How does a person behave in another case?
- What feeling does the interlocutor have?
- What rules of communication were violated?
(Students' answers.)
- Working with the textbook text on p. 24, act out the situations described and comment on them.
(Checking the completion of the task.)
3. Training exercises
It is difficult to imagine life without communication; it enters our lives early. If we analyze with whom and how we communicate, then it will probably become clear that communication does not always please us and quite often causes us trouble. Have you ever wondered why this happens? Numerous studies show that quarrels between people most often arise due to a lack of communication culture. People often blame others for quarrels. If we don't know how to communicate, we feel unhappy. You can learn to communicate if you want to. To do this, you need to comprehend the art of communication and work on yourself. Let's learn to communicate together by doing several exercises.
Exercise “I’m glad to communicate with you”
Instructions. Each of you should extend a hand to the other with the words: “I am glad to communicate with you,” and the one to whom the hand was extended extends it to the next student with the same words.
(So along the chain everyone joins hands and forms a circle.)
- How did you feel while doing this exercise?
Exercise “Compliment”
Instructions. Each of you should say something nice to your neighbor. Prerequisites: 1) you need to address your partner by name and with a smile; 2) what is said should be pleasant not to the speaker, but to the listener.
(Doing the exercise.)
- Were you pleased to hear kind words addressed to you?
- What about complimenting others?
- How did you feel in both cases?
Exercise “What I love to do”
Instructions. One of you will choose something that he really likes to do and begin to show it to us without words. Everyone else carefully watches what the speaker is doing and tries to guess what he wants to say, but they themselves don’t say anything yet. As soon as the speaker finishes his pantomime, thanking us for our attention, we begin to make guesses. After everyone has spoken, we can ask the speaker if there are those among us who understood him correctly. After the discussion, the next student will speak.
(The teacher shows the pantomime first.)
- Which guy likes to do the same thing as you?
- Who surprised you with their hobbies?
- Was it difficult to explain things to others without words?
- Was it difficult to guess?
Exercise “Through Glass”
The exercise is aimed at developing the ability to convey thoughts and feelings through facial expressions and expressive movements. Students are asked to say something to each other using gestures, imagining that they are separated from each other by glass through which sounds do not penetrate. You can offer them a topic for conversation, for example: “You forgot to put on your hat, and it’s very cold outside” or “Please bring me a glass of water, I’m really thirsty,” etc., or the guys come up with it themselves.
- Was it easy to explain with gestures what you wanted to say?
- Was it easy to understand what the other person was depicting with gestures?
- What was easier?
Exercise "Sitting and standing"
Instructions. One student is sitting, the other is standing. Under these conditions, you should try to carry on a conversation. After a while, you change places so that you can compare the sensations of communicating “from above” and “from below.”
(The exercise aims to show students the importance of incorrect ways of communicating.)
- How did you feel when you were talking while sitting in a chair?
- How did you feel while holding a conversation while standing?
- Which position in the conversation did you like and which did you not? Why?
- What do you think causes these feelings? If you and your partner communicated as equals, what would change?
- Have you communicated in a similar way in life - from the position of “above” or “below”? With what people and under what circumstances (in what situation)?
Exercise “Back to each other”
Instructions. Divide into pairs and sit on chairs back to back. In this situation, you need to try to carry on a conversation.
(After a few minutes, students turn around and share their feelings.)
- Is it easy to communicate with a person without seeing him?
- How did you feel communicating in this position?
- Have you ever wanted to turn around ahead of time and talk, seeing your interlocutor?
- Or maybe you didn’t want to continue the conversation in this position?
- Guys, what do you think is needed for communication to take place? (Approximate answer. First of all, you must see and hear your interlocutor. You must be able to use gestures and facial expressions. If at least one of these conditions is not met, then communication will be quite difficult.)
- Let's check the correctness of your conclusions.
Exercise “Mirror and Monkey”
Instructions. Divide into pairs and stand opposite each other. One of the participants is a “monkey” who looks in the mirror, the other is a “mirror” in which all the movements of the “monkey” are reflected.
(After some time, students change roles. This exercise can be done by everyone at the same time, but it is better for pairs to work in turns. This will allow you to discuss its implementation with the rest of the students.)
- Which role was easier for you - monkeys or mirrors?
- Which one did you like better?
- Was it easy or difficult to repeat the movements? How did you feel?
(You can have a short conversation about how important it is to be attentive to your interlocutor, because movements can reflect his internal state and attitude to what is happening around him.)
IV. Summing up the lesson. Reflection
(All students sit down, forming a circle.)
- How did you feel in today's lesson?
- What did you like today and what didn’t you like so much?
- What do you remember most?
- What was the most significant and important for you?
- Which exercise was the most difficult? Which is the easiest?
- Why is communication important to building effective friendships?
- What is important for successful communication?
- Why is it important in the process of communication to sincerely share what you feel and what you think?
- Why is it important to unconditionally accept the person you are communicating with in the process of communication?
- Why is it important to be able to sympathize and empathize with another person in the process of communication?
- How does the ability to communicate correctly affect the formation of friendships?
Write an essay on the topic “In my opinion, for successful communication it is necessary...”.
1. “We never get a second chance to make a first impression.” - this famous phrase perfectly emphasizes importance appearance a person, his image. After all, the first impression of a person is the strongest. It is deeply etched in the memory and leaves a mark forever.
This is a reason to make sure that clothes, shoes, hairstyle, demeanor, gait, facial expression are at the proper level and only play “plus”.
And with an impeccable suit and neat hairstyle, you need to remember that our face, the map from which the interlocutor “reads” and decides whether to deal with this “terrain” or whether it is better to find something safer and more pleasant. Avoid condescending, arrogant, aggressive, or threatening facial expressions.
2. It has been proven that The main formation of an opinion about a person occurs during the first four minutes of communication. For this, we have time to scan the interlocutor from head to toe, catch the most insignificant gestures, eye expressions, etc. At this moment, the senses work at full capacity, perceiving the object through all channels.
As a result, a holistic image is synthesized and we, based on the “research” carried out, form our own attitude towards it. We already understand whether the interlocutor is pleasant or unpleasant to us, whether we will strive to communicate with him or, on the contrary, avoid him.
It happens, of course, that the first impression is deceiving, but it is very stable. You can change it, but this will require some effort.
This means that it is better to use all your charm for the first four minutes of communication and maintain a friendly, positive tone of the conversation.
3. From the very beginning of the conversation, it is necessary to maintain a positive attitude and communicate as equals like friends. Tactfulness, politeness, respect, goodwill towards the interlocutor best qualities to establish long-term and mutually pleasant relationships.
4. Remember that a smile is the best business card. It not only attracts our interlocutor, but also helps us maintain good things, maintain a positive outlook on the world around us, and increases efficiency.
There is a relationship between facial expression and our state of mind. A smile on the face activates brain structures that are responsible for our emotional background and, therefore, our mood improves.
It is known that to improve your mood you need to smile and pretend to be happy. After this, more positive emotions really appear.
5. The method of affirmative answers or the Socratic method . Start communicating with your interlocutor with those tasks, topics, issues on which you know that you agree.
Choose and construct questions that your communication partner will answer with agreement.
With the accumulation of affirmative answers, a certain inertia develops. A person who answered “yes” to nine questions will most likely agree with the tenth.
6. Successful communication is impossible without listening skills. And this ability, the ability to be a good listener, can be developed and trained.
Concentrating on the essence of the conversation and not trying to remember everything is unrealistic.
Avoid extraneous thoughts.
While listening to your interlocutor, do not think about what other question to ask him or how to answer him.
Highlight the main and valuable information received from the interlocutor.
Find out for yourself what thoughts, words, ideas cause an emotional outburst in you and “neutralize” them. Otherwise, the strong ones will disrupt your concentration and attention.
During the conversation, understand “What is the speaker pursuing? What does he want to convey, communicate, convey?”
Be attentive not only to the words spoken, but also to how they are pronounced by the interlocutor. With what facial expressions, gestures, pace, intonation, with relaxation or tension, with pressure or sluggishness.
Let your interlocutor know that you understand his thoughts. To do this, you can repeat what you heard or convey the meaning of the information you heard.
Avoid value judgments, do not give “A” or “F”, “bad” or “good”.
While listening, keep your advice to yourself, even if it arises from a desire to help; it does not allow the interlocutor to speak out the way he would like.
Loading...