Energetika kompaniyasi "Gazprom" OAJ. "Gazprom" OAJ: tuzilmasi, filiallari, direktorlar kengashi "Gazprom" ni kim boshqaradi

Aleksey Miller

Gazprom boshqaruvi raisi

Kelish sanasi 2001

5,25 trillion rubl - bu "Gazprom"ning daromadi

Rem Vyaxirev, Vladimir Putin Rossiya prezidenti bo'lganidan keyin iste'foga chiqdi va yaqinda qudratli Vyaxirevning pozitsiyasi zaiflasha boshladi.

Birinchi pozitsiya Gazprom boshqaruv kengashi

1991 yilda u Sankt-Peterburg meriyasining tashqi aloqalar qo'mitasi bo'limi boshlig'i bo'ldi, o'sha paytda qo'mita raisi Vladimir Putin edi.

Kirill Seleznev

Boshqaruv aʼzosi, marketing, gaz va suyuq uglevodorodlarni qayta ishlash boʻlimi boshligʻi, “Gazprom Mezhregiongaz” bosh direktori

Kelish sanasi 2002

Unga bog'liq bo'lgan pul oqimlari Mahalliy gaz sotish (794,4 mlrd. rubl) va konsernning elektr energetika aktivlarini ishlatish (375,6 mlrd. rubl), neft va neft mahsulotlarini sotish (290 mlrd. rubl)

Undan oldingi lavozimni kim egallagan"Gazprom Mejregiongaz"ning sobiq bosh direktori Nikolay Gornovskiy kompaniyadan yirik aktivni olib qo'yganlikda ayblangan.

Vazifaga kirishdan oldin kimni bilar edingiz? Seleznev va Miller Sankt-Peterburg dengiz portida va Boltiqbo'yi quvurlari tizimida (BPS) ishlagan.

Elena Karpel

Gazprom Iqtisodiy ekspertiza va narx bo'limi boshlig'i

Kelish sanasi 1994

Unga bog'liq bo'lgan pul oqimlari 81,5 milliard rubl - 2013 yilda "Gazprom" uchun quvurlar sotib olish

Karpel bu lavozimni "Gazprom" OAJ tashkil etilganidan beri egallab kelmoqda

Guruhga qo'shilishdan oldin kimni bilar edingiz? Karpel, ehtimol, Vyaxirev kadrlaridan yagona bo'lib, u nafaqat "Gazprom"da yangi xo'jayin ostida qolgan, balki uning jamoasi a'zosi bo'lishga ham muvaffaq bo'lgan. Biroq, 2014 yilda u direktorlar kengashiga qayta saylanmadi.

Andrey Kruglov

Boshqaruv raisi o‘rinbosari, moliya-iqtisodiyot boshqarmasi boshlig‘i

Kelish sanasi 2002

Undan oldingi lavozimni kim egallagan Igor Sechinning himoyachisi hisoblangan Boris Yurlov monopoliyani tark etdi, u Atom energiyasi agentligi rahbari o'rinbosari bo'ldi.

Birinchi pozitsiya Boshqaruv aʼzosi, Korporativ moliya boʻlimi boshligʻi

Vazifaga kirishdan oldin kimni bilar edingiz? Kruglov va Miller Sankt-Peterburg meriyasida ishlagan. Kruglovning tanishlarining aytishicha, uning rafiqasi Aleksey Millerning rafiqasining singlisi. 2007 yilda Aleksey Miller kasalxonaga yotqizilganida aynan Kruglov zaxirada qolgan.

Vitaliy Markelov

Gazprom direktorlar kengashi a'zosi, konserni boshqaruvi raisining o'rinbosari

Kelish sanasi 1997

Unga bog'liq bo'lgan pul oqimlari 1,1 trillion rubl - neft va gaz kondensati, energiya ishlab chiqarish xarajatlarisiz Gazpromning investitsiya dasturi

"Gazprom" boshqaruvidagi markaziy shaxslardan biri Anatoliy Ananenkov 2011 yil oxirida pensiya yoshiga etganidan so'ng ishdan bo'shatildi.

Vazifaga kirishdan oldin kimni bilar edingiz? Vostokgazpromda Markelov bilan birgalikda Mixail Sereda ishlagan, u Markelovga Gazprom boshqaruviga kelishiga yordam bergan.

Mixail Sereda

Boshqaruv raisining o'rinbosari, "Gazprom" boshqaruvi boshqarmasi boshlig'i

Kelish sanasi 2001

Birinchi pozitsiya Gazprom boshqaruvi rahbari

Vazifaga kirishdan oldin kimni bilar edingiz? 1999-2000 yillarda u Millerning BTSda moliya bo'yicha o'rinbosari bo'lgan.

Undan oldin bu lavozimni kim egallagan Gennadiy Veselkov, neft va gaz qurilishi faxriysi, Gazprom faxriylar kengashiga rahbarlik qilgan.

Elena Vasilyeva

Kelish sanasi 2001

Uning oldida bu lavozimni kim egallagan Irina Bogatyreva, Rem Vyaxirev jamoasidan Gazpromning sobiq bosh hisobchisi

Birinchi pozitsiya Boshqaruv raisining o'rinbosari, Gazprom bosh hisobchisi

Vazifaga kirishdan oldin kimni bilar edingiz? Vasilyeva BTS bosh hisobchisi, avvalroq esa Sankt-Peterburg dengiz porti bosh hisobchisi o‘rinbosari bo‘lgan. Ikkala lavozimda ham u ushbu kompaniyalarda ishlagan Miller bilan kesishgan.

Aleksandr Dyukov

Boshqaruv raisi, Gazprom Neft bosh direktori

Kelish sanasi 2006

Unga bog'liq bo'lgan pul oqimlari 1,3 trillion rubl "Gazprom neft" daromadidir

Undan oldin bu lavozimni kim egallagan Aleksandr Ryazanov, boshqaruv raisi o'rinbosari. Miller 2006 yilda shartnomasini uzaytirmagan.

Birinchi pozitsiya Va. O. Gazprom neft prezidenti

Vazifaga kirishdan oldin kimni bilar edingiz? 1999 yilda Dyukov Sankt-Peterburg dengiz portini boshqargan va Miller unga bo'ysungan, o'sha paytda - rivojlanish va investitsiyalar bo'yicha direktor

Aleksey Miller - eng ko'p maosh oluvchi rossiyalik menejerlardan biri, "Gazprom" OAJ boshqaruvi raisi, NPF Gazfond, shuningdek, Gazprombank va SOGAZ sug'urta kompaniyasi direktorlar kengashi rahbari.

"Gazprom"dagi faoliyati bilan bir qatorda u Global Energetika xalqaro mukofoti Vasiylar kengashi va Rossiya Federatsiyasining mineral-xomashyo bazasini ishlab chiqarish va yoqilg'i-energetika kompleksi masalalari bo'yicha hukumat komissiyasi a'zosi.

Bolalik va yoshlik

Miller Aleksey Borisovich 1962 yil 31 yanvarda Leningrad chekkasida NPO Leninets yopiq harbiy korxonasi xodimlari oilasida tug'ilgan. Millerning ota-onasi Rossiyada yashovchi "rus nemislari" edi, shuning uchun ommaviy axborot vositalarida top-menejerning kelib chiqishi va millati haqida ko'pincha ma'lumotlar e'lon qilinadi.

Ota Boris Vasilevich chilangar, onasi Lyudmila Aleksandrovna muhandis bo'lib ishlagan. Aleksey oilada yagona farzand edi, shuning uchun u ota-onaning e'tibori, g'amxo'rligi va mehridan mahrum emas edi.


"Gazprom" ning bo'lajak rahbari Leningraddagi 330-sonli matematik ixtisoslashtirilgan gimnaziyada o'qidi. Maktab yillarida u na o'qituvchilarga, na ota-onalarga muammo tug'dirmadi, boshqa bolalar bilan janjallashmadi. Miller tirishqoq va qobiliyatli talaba, uyatchan bola edi. Alekseyning o'qituvchilari va sinfdoshlari u haqida ko'zga tashlanmaydigan odam sifatida gapirishadi, lekin o'z sa'y-harakatlari bilan maqsadga erishish istagi bilan.

Maktabni a'lo baholar bilan tugatgandan so'ng, Aleksey Miller birinchi marta mahalliy moliya-iqtisodiyot institutiga o'qishga kirishga muvaffaq bo'ldi. 1984 yilda universitetni tamomlab, muhandis-iqtisod mutaxassisligi bo‘yicha diplom oldi. Talabalik yillarida Aleksey kafedra mudiri professor Igor Blextsinning sevimli shogirdi, mashhur peterburglik iqtisodchi, shaxmat bo‘yicha xalqaro toifadagi sport ustasi edi. FINEC o'qituvchilari talabani toza kalligrafik qo'l sifatida eslashadi.


FINEKni tugatgandan so'ng, Aleksey Miller LenNIIproektda muhandis-iqtisodchi lavozimini egalladi, u 1986 yilda aspiranturaga o'qishga kirdi va 3 yildan so'ng iqtisod fanlari nomzodi ilmiy darajasini oldi. Yoshligida u bunga qiziqadi.

Karyera

Aspiranturani tugatgandan so'ng, Aleksey Miller o'z ishini LenNIIproektda kichik ilmiy xodim sifatida davom ettirdi va 1990 yilda Lensovet ijroiya qo'mitasiga o'tdi va u erda Iqtisodiy islohotlar qo'mitasini boshqardi.

Rossiyalik iqtisodchining martaba pog'onasidagi navbatdagi qadam Sankt-Peterburg meriyasidagi Xalqaro aloqalar qo'mitasi bo'lib, uning bevosita rahbari Miller edi. Bu hamkorlik Aleksey Borisovich Millerning keyingi muvaffaqiyatli tarjimai holida muhim lahza bo'ldi.


Uning sharofati bilan shahardagi birinchi investitsiya zonalari - "Pulkovo" va "Parnassus" ning rivojlanishi, bu erda "Gillette", "Coca-Cola", "Baltika" zavodlari qurilgan. Shu bilan birga, Aleksey Borisovich Sankt-Peterburg hududida birinchi xorijiy banklar - Lyons Credit va Drezden Bankni joriy qildi. Miller mehmonxona biznesini ham rivojlantirdi va mashhur Europa mehmonxonasi direktorlar kengashini boshqargan.

1996 yilda Sankt-Peterburgning sobiq meri gubernatorlik saylovlarida mag'lub bo'lgach, Aleksey Millerning tarjimai holi, Sankt-Peterburg ma'muriyatidagi hamkasblarining taqdiri kabi, burilish nuqtasini boshdan kechirdi. Vladimir Putin jamoasi a’zolarining aksariyati Sankt-Peterburg shahar ma’muriyatidan iste’foga chiqdi va bir muddat “erkin suzish”ga chiqdi.


Aleksey Miller va Vladimir Putin Sankt-Peterburgda uchrashdi

2000 yilda Vladimir Putinning prezidentlik saylovlarida g'alaba qozonganidan so'ng, uning Sankt-Peterburg ma'muriyatidagi ko'plab hamkasblari Rossiya Federatsiyasi hukumati va davlat korxonalarida rahbarlik lavozimlarini egalladi. Rossiya Federatsiyasi energetika vazirining o'rinbosari lavozimini egallagan Aleksey Miller ham bundan mustasno emas edi. O'z lavozimidagi muvaffaqiyatli ishlashi uchun ekspertlar va siyosatchilar iqtisodchi uchun Rossiya Energetika vaziri lavozimini bashorat qilishdi, ammo ularning taxminlari amalga oshmadi. 2001 yilda Miller xuddi shunday nufuzli lavozimni egallab, "Gazprom" OAJ boshqaruvi rahbari bo'ldi.

Gazprom

Aleksey Millerning "Gazprom" boshqaruvi raisi lavozimiga tayinlangani haqidagi xabar kompaniyaning butun rahbariyatini hayratda qoldirdi. O'sha paytdan boshlab "Gazprom" OAJda yangi davr boshlandi, kompaniyaning davlat nazoratiga qaytishi. Aleksey Borisovichga tajribali iqtisodchi sifatida islohotlar orqali konsernni qayta tiklash va Gazpromning sobiq rahbari Rem Vyaxerev tomonidan yo'qotilgan kompaniya aktivlarini qaytarish vazifasi berildi.


Jahon investor bozori bir zumda amalga oshirilayotgan islohotlar munosabati bilan "Gazprom" rahbariyatining o'zgarishi haqidagi xabarni katta ishtiyoq bilan qabul qildi. Bir necha oy ichida Aleksey Miller eski konsern jamoasini o'tmishdagi "o'z" odamlari bilan yangiladi, shuningdek, korporatsiyani qayta tiklash uchun bir qator strategik islohotlarni amalga oshirdi. “Gazprom”ning yangi jamoasi tarkibiga boshqaruv apparati rahbari Mixail Sereda, “Mejregiongaz” rahbari Kirill Seleznev, bosh hisobchi Yelena Vasilyeva va konserning moliya-iqtisodiy boshqarmasi boshlig‘i Andrey Kruglov kiradi.

Gazpromdagi "faxriylarni tozalash" dan so'ng, Aleksey Miller to'g'ridan-to'g'ri vazifalarni - kompaniyaning yo'qolgan aktivlarini qaytarishni o'z zimmasiga oldi. Bu masalada Miller muvaffaqiyatga erishdi: nominal to'lov evaziga u Itera-dan aksiyalar bloklarini qaytarib berdi, SIBUR, Zapsibgazprom, Vostokgazprom, Northgas ustidan yo'qolgan nazoratni tikladi. Ammo Aleksey Millerning asosiy yutug'i "Gazprom" ning qaytarilgan aktsiyalari bo'ldi, buning natijasida Rossiya Federatsiyasidagi 51% ulush tiklandi, shundan 11% ga yaqini konsernning sho''ba korxonalariga tegishli edi.


Aleksey Miller - Gazprom boshqaruvi raisi

Miller davrida Gazprom dunyodagi global energiya biznesi yetakchisiga aylandi. Gaz giganti neft va energetika sohalarida yirik aktivlarga ega bo‘ldi, eksport yo‘nalishidagi o‘z mavqeini mustahkamladi, Italiya va Germaniya korporatsiyalari bilan mustahkam iqtisodiy aloqalar o‘rnatdi, etkazib berishni diversifikatsiya qilish bo‘yicha loyihalarni amalga oshirishni boshladi, Osiyo-Tinch okeani mintaqasiga gaz yetkazib berish bo‘yicha strategik shartnomalarni imzoladi. mamlakatlar. Shu bilan birga, Miller Gazpromning gaz sohasidagi haqiqiy raqobatini bartaraf etishga muvaffaq bo'ldi.

2011 yilda "Gazprom" OAJ rahbari Aleksey Miller keyingi 5 yilga konsern boshqaruvi raisi etib qayta saylandi. Hukmronlik yillarida u bir necha bor Rossiya Federatsiyasi gaz majmuasini rivojlantirishda "Vatan oldidagi xizmatlari uchun" medallarini o'z ichiga olgan nufuzli davlat mukofotlari bilan taqdirlangan.


2013 yilda Forbes moliyaviy-iqtisodiy jurnalining reytingiga ko'ra, Aleksey Borisovich dunyodagi eng qimmat va muvaffaqiyatli menejerlar ro'yxatida 3-o'rinni egalladi, amaldorning daromadi yiliga 25 million dollarni tashkil etdi. Tez orada vaziyat o'zgardi.

2012 yildan boshlab Rossiya kompaniyalarining top-menejerlariga jami to'lovlar asta-sekin kamayib bormoqda. 2016 yilda Forbes tahlilchilari eng yirik tashkilotlar rahbarlarining umumiy daromadlarining 2,3 baravar qisqarishi qayd etilganini aniqladi.


Aleksey Miller Forbes ro'yxatida

Amerika nashriga ko'ra, 2014 yilda "Gazprom" boshqaruvi raisining ahvoli yana 25 million dollarga baholangan, ammo bu safar u reytingda 2-o'rinni egallagan.

2015 yilda allaqachon bu ko'rsatkich 27 million dollarni tashkil etdi, bu Aleksey Millerga birinchi marta Rossiya Forbes ro'yxatining birinchi qatoriga ko'tarilish imkonini berdi. Kompaniyaning o'sha yilgi daromadi 140,4 milliard dollarni tashkil etdi.2016 yilda "Gazprom" top-menejyerining daromadi 9,5 million dollarga kamaydi, Rossiya Forbes ro'yxatida birinchi o'rin hamon Millerga tegishli. U yiliga 13 million dollar maosh bilan Rosneft rahbariga yutqazdi.


Aleksey Miller va Igor Sechin

"Gazprom" ning rentabelligi biroz pasaydi. An'anaviy bozorlarni yo'qotish va xorijiy raqobatchilarning faolligi tufayli kompaniya og'ir kunlarni boshdan kechirmoqda. Shunday qilib, Ukraina prezidentining Rossiya gazini sotib olishdan bosh tortish haqidagi bayonoti uzoq vaqtdan beri tanish bo'lgan yo'nalishdagi resurslarni sotishning pasayishining asosiy sabablaridan biridir. Bundan tashqari, Evropa davlatlari muqobil energiya manbalari bo'yicha yangi texnologiyalarni joriy qilmoqdalar.

Ushbu qiyinchiliklar munosabati bilan "Gazprom" rahbariyati gazni Yevropaga etkazib berish uchun aylanma yo'llarni qurishni boshlashga qaror qildi. Ular “Shimoliy oqim 2” va “Turk oqimi” deb nomlandi.

Shahsiy hayot

Aleksey Millerning shaxsiy hayoti, boshqa taniqli rus shaxslari singari, uning karerasi soyasida qolmoqda. Ko'p yillar davomida "Gazprom" rahbari rasmiy ravishda turmush qurgan. Aleksey Millerning rafiqasi Irina kamdan-kam hollarda omma oldida paydo bo'lib, uy muhitini ijtimoiy tadbirlardan afzal ko'radi. Er-xotin o'g'li Mayklni tarbiyalamoqda. Aleksey Borisovich o'z maqomiga ko'ra shaxsiy Instagram-ni saqlamaydi, shuning uchun uning oilasi haqida faqat ommaviy axborot vositalaridagi nashrlardan bilib olish mumkin.

Ommaviy axborot vositalarida Aleksey Millerning Rossiya Federatsiyasi hukumati raisining protokol boshlig'i - Hukumat apparati rahbari o'rinbosari Marina Yentaltseva bilan aloqasi haqida ma'lumot paydo bo'ldi, ammo bu rasman tasdiqlanmadi. Rossiya nashrlari o'zlarining qo'shma fotosuratlarini qayta-qayta nashr etishdi.


Top-menejer bo'sh vaqtini oilasiga bag'ishlashni afzal ko'radi. Aleksey Borisovich yoshligidan futbolga ishtiyoqi bor, u "Zenit" futbol klubining eng mashhur muxlisi hisoblanadi. Shu bilan birga, Miller ot sportini yaxshi ko'radi, uning 2 ta zotli ayg'irlari bor. Qarindoshlar va do'stlarning yaqin oilaviy davrasidagi ziyofatlar, uning ijrosidagi gitara qo'shiqlari unga begona emas.


Biznesmen sifatida Millerning ot sportiga bo'lgan ishtiyoqi martabaga aylandi. 2012 yilda Rossiya Prezidenti Vladimir Putin Aleksey Borisovichni "Rossiya hipodromlari" OAJ rahbari lavozimiga tayinlab, unga ushbu yo'nalishda sanoatni jonlantirish va Rossiyada ot sportiga yangi hayot kiritish vazifasini qo'ydi.

Aleksey Miller hozir

2018 yilning bahorida Aleksey Millerning nomi AQShning “Kreml” deb nomlangan sanksiyalar ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan edi. Hammasi bo'lib, unda Rossiya Federatsiyasi Prezidentiga yaqin bo'lgan 26 nafar mansabdor shaxslar va tadbirkorlar haqida ma'lumotlar mavjud. Ular orasida boshqalar ham bor edi. Ammo, Rossiya ommaviy axborot vositalarining hisob-kitoblariga ko'ra, bu "Gazprom" top-menejyerining maoshini mintaqada 58 million rubl ushlab turishiga to'sqinlik qilmadi. oyiga.


Endi Aleksey Miller Boltiq dengizi tubi bo'ylab o'tadigan "Shimoliy oqim 2" qurilishini nazorat qiladi, shuningdek, Qora dengiz orqali o'tadigan Turk oqimining ishga tushirilishini nazorat qiladi. Kuzda Miller tavsiya etilgan 1200 kilometrlik “Shimoliy oqim”ning 200 kilometri qurilishi va “Turk oqimi” quvurini yakuniy bo‘g‘in bilan yotqizish haqida xabar berdi.

AQShning Yevropa Ittifoqidagi elchisi Gordon Sondlendning Qo‘shma Shtatlarda bu loyihalarni to‘xtatish uchun yetarli vositalar borligi haqidagi xabarlariga qaramay, “Gazprom” Ukrainani aylanib o‘tuvchi gaz quvurini qurish jarayoniga optimistik qaramoqda.


2018-yilning noyabr oyida Istanbulda Vladimir Putin va Turkiya prezidenti o‘rtasida “Turk oqimi” gaz quvurining dengizdagi so‘nggi qismini yotqizish ishlarini yakunlashga bag‘ishlangan tantanali uchrashuv bo‘lib o‘tdi. O'sha paytda Aleksey Miller ishchi kemada bo'lgan va u erdan davlat rahbarlari bilan videokonferentsiya o'tkazgan. Gaz gigantining top-menejeri 2019 yil oxirigacha 2 ta janubiy filial qurilishini yakunlashni rejalashtirmoqda.

Aleksey Millerning bolaligi, yoshligi va oilasi

Endi muvaffaqiyatli top-menejer, Rossiyaning eng yirik energetika kompaniyasi boshqaruvi raisi Leningradda yopiq harbiy korxona xodimlari oilasida tug'ilgan. Miller yoshligidanoq 330-sonli gimnaziyada o'qigan, u ajoyib akademik muvaffaqiyatni namoyish etgan. Maktabdan so'ng u osonlik bilan Leningrad moliya-iqtisodiyot institutiga o'qishga kirdi. N. A. Voznesenskiy, 1984 yilda muhandis-iqtisodchi mutaxassisligini muvaffaqiyatli tamomlagan.

Diplomni olganidan keyin bir necha yil davomida Miller o'z mutaxassisligi bo'yicha LenNIIproektda ishladi, ammo qobiliyatli talaba bo'lib, 1986 yilda Gazpromning bo'lajak xodimi aspiranturada o'qishni davom ettirishga qaror qildi. 1989 yilda Miller iqtisod fanlari nomzodi bo'ldi.

1990 yilda u o'z faoliyatini LenNIIproektda davom ettirdi, hozirda u kichik ilmiy xodim lavozimini egallaydi. 1990 yilning bir qismi va 1991 yil boshi - Miller Leningrad shahar kengashi Ijroiya qo'mitasining Iqtisodiy islohotlar qo'mitasida ishlaydi.

Aleksey Millerning martaba ko'tarilishi: Sankt-Peterburg meriyasidan Gazpromga

1991 yilda Aleksey Borisovich uchun taqdirli tanishuv bo'lib o'tdi. O'sha yili u Sankt-Peterburg meriyasining tashqi aloqalar qo'mitasida ish boshladi, u erda Rossiya Federatsiyasining amaldagi prezidenti V.V.Putin uning boshlig'i lavozimini egalladi. Miller qo'mitada besh yil xizmat qildi. Bu vaqt ichida tashkilot eng yirik G‘arb banklari bilan aloqa o‘rnatishga muvaffaq bo‘ldi.

Aleksey Miller ("Gazprom" OAJ) qarama-qarshi chiziqda. A593MR 97

Hokimiyatning o'zgarishi Aleksey Millerni uyini tark etishga majbur qildi. Tashqi aloqalar qo'mitasida martaba pog'onasida yuqoriga ko'tarilgan Miller Rossiyaning yirik kompaniyalarida yuqori lavozimlarga munosib nomzodga aylandi. Uning yangi ish joyi Aleksey Miller uch yil ishlagan "Sankt-Peterburg dengiz porti" OAJ edi.

1999 yildan beri muvaffaqiyatli top-menejer "Boltic Pipeline System" OAJ bosh direktori lavozimini egalladi.

Rossiyada 2000 yilgi saylov natijalariga ko'ra, Vladimir Putin prezidentlik kreslosini egallab turibdi. Sobiq boshliqdan keyin sobiq qo'l ostidagi Aleksey Miller ham poytaxtga ko'chib o'tadi. U Rossiya Federatsiyasi energetika vazirining o'rinbosari lavozimiga tayinlandi, ammo u bu lavozimda atigi bir yil qoldi.

2001 yilda Miller Gazprom boshqaruvi raisi bo'ldi. Deyarli o'n yil davomida rais bo'lib ishlagan Rem Vyaxirevning ishdan bo'shatilishi eng yirik energetika tashkilotiga tez islohotlarni va'da qilmoqda, bu esa uzoq kutilmaydi. Shu paytdan boshlab "Gazprom" to'liq davlat nazoratiga o'tadi, Vyaxirev davrida yo'qolgan aktivlarni qaytarish ishlari boshlanadi.

Aleksey Miller: tepaliklar rus gazini qo'zg'atadi

2002 yilda Aleksey Miller "Gazprom" OAJ direktorlar kengashi raisining o'rinbosari bo'ldi. Bu vaqtga kelib, tashkilotda katta kadrlar o'zgarishi sodir bo'ldi. Energiyadan uzoq bo'lgan Millerga bu soha begona bo'lmagan odamlar kerak edi. Bir qator rahbarlik lavozimlari yangi boshqaruv raisi allaqachon birga ishlagan odamlarga berildi, boshqa tayinlovlar Kremldan keldi va Vyaxirev jamoasining ba'zi a'zolari o'z lavozimlarini saqlab qolishga muvaffaq bo'lishdi.

Biroq, davom etayotgan islohotlarga qaramay, yovuz tillar Millerning yaqinda iste'foga chiqishini bashorat qildi. Uning ishining boshlanishi yetarlicha faol bo‘lmagan va ayrim ekspertlarning fikricha, boshlangan kadrlar o‘zgarishlari yangi rahbarning iste’fosi bilan yakunlanishi kerak edi. Qanday mish-mishlar tarqalmasin va ular chetda nima pichirlashmasin, Aleksey Miller o'z pozitsiyasini mustahkamlab oldi. 2004 yilga kelib yangilangan boshqaruv apparatini shakllantirish yakuniga yetdi. 2006 yilda Millerning mehnat shartnomasi yana besh yilga uzaytirildi.


Boshlanish qanchalik bahsli va shubhali ko'rinmasin, Aleksey Miller boshqaruv raisi sifatida yaxshi natijalarga erishdi. 2010 yilda Amerikaning Harvard BusinessReview jurnali Millerni dunyodagi eng samarali top-menejerlar reytingida uchinchi o'ringa qo'ydi. 2013 yilda "Gazprom" OAJ boshqaruvi raisi Forbes ro'yxatida uchinchi o'rinni egalladi va Rossiyaning eng qimmat menejerlaridan biri deb topildi.

Aleksey Millerning shaxsiy hayoti

Aleksey Miller band odam, shuning uchun u jurnalistlar bilan muloqot qilish uchun vaqt topolmaydi, shuning uchun Gazprom rahbarining bir nechta intervyulari asosan kompaniya ishi, uning istiqbollari va rivojlanishiga bag'ishlangan. Miller shaxsiy hayoti haqida gapirmaslikni afzal ko'radi, lekin u ko'p yillardan beri turmush qurganligi ma'lum.

Uning rafiqasi Irina bilan ular o'g'ilni tarbiyalashmoqda. Top-menejer bo'sh vaqtini oilasi bilan o'tkazishni afzal ko'radi. Velosiped va chang'i uchish kabi sport sevimli mashg'ulotlari unga begona emas. Miller ot sportiga ham ishtiyoqlidir.

Uning bir nechta zotli ayg‘irlari bor. Biroq, har qanday ishbilarmon odam singari, Millerning sevimli mashg'uloti faol ishga aylandi. 2012 yilda u "Rossiya hippodromlari" OAJ direktorlar kengashi raisi lavozimini egalladi. Prezident farmoniga ko‘ra, Aleksey Miller oldida milliy ot sportiga jon kiritish, sohani jonlantirishga hissa qo‘shishdek mas’uliyatli va murakkab vazifa turibdi.

2016 yilda tadbirkor bolaligida o'zining sevimli Deep Purple kontsertiga borishni orzu qilganini tan oldi. O'shanda buning iloji yo'q edi, shuning uchun endi u imkon qadar yoshligidagi butlarning har bir spektakliga tashrif buyuradi.

Aleksey Miller bugun

2016 yilda Aleksey Miller birinchi marta Forbes tomonidan taqdim etilgan eng ko'p maosh oladigan top-menejerlar reytingida birinchi o'rinni egalladi. Uning yillik maoshi 17,7 million dollarga baholangan.

2006 yil 26 oktyabr holatiga ko'ra kompaniyaning aktsiyadorlari Federal mulkni boshqarish agentligi (38,37%) va Rosneftegaz (10,74%) tomonidan taqdim etilgan davlat edi; NPF Gazfond (3,02%), Gazprombank (0,37%), Vostok Nafta fondi (1,3%). E.ON Ruhrgas (E.ON sho'ba korxonasi) Gazprom aksiyalarining 6,43 foizini, Alisher Usmonovga do'st bo'lgan kompaniyalar - 1,5 foiz, GNK Nafta-Moskva - 4,5 foiz, Inteko - taxminan 1 foiz, Deutsche UFG - taxminan 3 foizni nazorat qiladi. "Gazprom" aktsiyadorlari, shuningdek, uning boshqaruvi raisi Aleksey Miller (0,0027%), shuningdek, top-menejerlar Aleksandr Ananenkov (0,002%), Andrey Petrov (0,004%).

Davlat Gazpromning 50% plus 1 ulushiga ega (2006 yil aprel, 2004 yilgacha - atigi 38,37%). "Gazprom" ning filiallari ro'yxatiga ko'ra, 2005 yil 31 dekabr holatiga ko'ra, unga aloqador kompaniyalar 7,79% aktsiyalarga egalik qilishgan, ulardan 3,16% Gazfond balansida va 1,1% Gazprombank. Nafta-Moskva 5,3%, E.ON Ruhrgas 6,5%, Deutsche Bank va OFG mijozlari 3% dan ortiq, Vostok Nafta fondi 1,3% ni nazorat qiladi.

E.ON o'z ulushini sotdi.

2008 yil 8 may holatiga ko'ra, Gazprom kapitallashuvi 347,6 milliard dollarni tashkil etdi (o'sha paytda dunyodagi uchinchi yirik davlat kompaniyasi). 2008-yil 9-sentyabrga kelib kompaniya kapitallashuvi 191,76 milliard dollarga tushdi.2009-yil 1-sentabrda “Gazprom” kapitallashuvi 122,0 milliard dollarni tashkil qildi.

Jami muomalada 23 673 512 900 dona oddiy aksiyalar mavjud.

Korporativ boshqaruv

Gazpromning yuqori boshqaruv organi aktsiyadorlar yig'ilishidir. Umumiy boshqaruvni amalga oshiruvchi direktorlar kengashi va ijroiya organi funksiyalariga ega bo‘lgan kengash bevosita aksiyadorlar yig‘ilishiga bo‘ysunadi.

  • Viktor Alekseevich Zubkov - Rossiya Federatsiyasi Bosh vazirining birinchi o'rinbosari, direktorlar kengashi raisi
  • Aleksey Borisovich Miller - direktorlar kengashi raisining o'rinbosari

Direktorlar kengashi a’zolari:

  • Aleksandr Georgievich Ananenkov
  • Burkhard Bergmann
  • Farit Rafikovich Gazizullin
  • Elena Evgenievna Karpel
  • Valeriy Abramovich Musin
  • Elvira Sakhipzadovna Nabiullina
  • Mixail Leonidovich Sereda
  • Sergey Ivanovich Shmatko
  • Igor Xanukovich Yusufov

Batafsil: Gazprom direktorlar kengashi.

RAO "Gazprom" direktorlar kengashi raisi, 1998 yildan "Gazprom" OAJ

  1. Rem Ivanovich Vyaxirev (1993-1996, 2001-2002)
  2. Aleksandr Ivanovich Kazakov (1996-1998)
  3. Farit Rafikovich Gazizullin (1998-1999)
  4. Viktor Stepanovich Chernomyrdin (1999-2000)
  5. Dmitriy Anatolyevich Medvedev (2000-2001, 2002-2008)
  6. Viktor Alekseevich Zubkov (2008 yildan)

Boshqaruv organi

  • Aleksey Borisovich Miller - boshqaruv raisi
  • Aleksandr Georgievich Ananenkov - boshqaruv raisining birinchi o'rinbosari

Boshqaruv raisi o‘rinbosarlari:

  • Elena Aleksandrovna Vasilyeva
  • Valeriy Aleksandrovich Golubev
  • Aleksandr Nikolaevich Kozlov
  • Andrey Vyacheslavovich Kruglov
  • Aleksandr Ivanovich Medvedev
  • Sergey Fedorovich Xomyakov

Kengash aʼzolari:

  • Oleg Evgenievich Aksyutin
  • Yaroslav Yaroslavovich Golko
  • Nikolay Nikolaevich Dubik
  • Viktor Vasilevich Ilyushin
  • Olga Petrovna Pavlova
  • Vlada Vilorikovna Rusakova
  • Kirill Gennadievich Seleznev
  • Igor Yurievich Fedorov
  • Vsevolod Vladimirovich Cherepanov

Batafsil o'qing: "Gazprom" OAJ boshqaruvi.

"Gazprom" RAO boshqaruvi raisi, 1998 yildan "Gazprom" OAJ

  1. Rem Ivanovich Vyaxirev (1993-2001)
  2. Aleksey Borisovich Miller (2001 yildan)

Bo'limlar

Bo'limlar "Gazprom" ma'muriyatining tarkibiy bo'linmalari bo'lib, bevosita boshqaruvga bo'ysunadi. Aksariyat bo'lim boshliqlari, shuningdek, direktorlar kengashi yoki direktorlar kengashi a'zolaridir:

  • Jarayonlarni boshqarish tizimlarini avtomatlashtirish bo'limi
  • Buxgalteriya hisobi kafedrasi
  • Tashqi iqtisodiy faoliyat boshqarmasi
  • Ichki audit va sho‘ba korxonalar va tashkilotlarning moliyaviy-xo‘jalik faoliyatini nazorat qilish boshqarmasi
  • Investitsiyalar va qurilish boshqarmasi
  • Gaz va suyuq uglevodorodlarni marketing, qayta ishlash kafedrasi
  • Gaz, gaz kondensati, neft ishlab chiqarish bo'limi
  • Axborot siyosati bo'limi
  • Rossiya Federatsiyasi hududlari bilan ishlash bo'limi
  • Transport, yer osti saqlash va gazdan foydalanish boshqarmasi
  • Mulkni boshqarish va korporativ aloqalar bo'limi
  • Ishlarni boshqarish bo'limi
  • Inson resurslari bo'limi
  • Strategik rivojlanish boshqarmasi
  • Iqtisodiy ekspertiza va narxlar bo‘limi
  • Moliya-iqtisodiyot boshqarmasi
  • Markaziy ishlab chiqarish va dispetcherlik bo'limi
  • Yuridik bo'lim

PRHVMYLPCHBOP 18/12/2013 BCFPTPN chBMETYK oEOBICH

"LBDTSCH TEYBAF CHUE!" - LBL Y'CHEUFOP. h pbp zbrtpn h TEEKHMSHFBFE RMPIPK LBDTPCHPK RPMYFYLY UMPTSYMBUSH UIFHBGYS, LPZDB NShch NPTSEN RPFETSFSH GENERAL OBGYPOBMSHOPE DPUFPSOYE, PYOY "UFETTFBFE RMPIPPHIOPCHOPCHOPDIP" KUFCHB. dBCE NPEOSCH HUFPKYUYCHSHCHE UYUFENSCH, CHTPDE VSC U "BEYFPK PF DHTBLPC", NPZHF VSHCHFSH VSHCHUFTP TBCHBMEOSCH CH TEEKHMSHFBFE OELPNREFEOFOPZP HRTBCHMEOBCHNYELCHNYSCHNYSCHYSCH ", NEOEDTSETBNY", Y RTYYNETCH FBLYI CH tPUUY IPFSh RTHD RTHDY, RPIPTSE, RTYYMB PYUETEDSH zBRTPNB.

eEJ OEDBCHOP, RTY h.dYOLPCHE, h.yETOPNSHCHTDYOE, t.chSIYTECHE LPUFSL rTBCHMEOYS pbp zBRTPNB UPUFPSM y MADEK YNECHYI RTPZHEUUIPOBMSHOPE ZBCHPECHBOSHOPVTBBFYPYPYYPYYT CHPDUFCHEOOOPK DEFEMSHOPUFY. h OBUFPSEEE CHTENS Yb 23 UMEOPCH rTBCHMEOYS zBRTPNB FPMSHLP 2.5 YuEMPCHEL NPTsOP PFOEUFY FFPK LBFEZPTYY - PUFBMSHOSHCHE LFP "LZHZHELFYCHOSCHETSCHEPSHFNE",. rPYUENKh 0,5 YuEMPCHELB RPSUOA. FPMSHLP m.YUKHZHOPCH Y p.BLUAFYO UPPFCHEFUFCHHEF LTYFETYA - RTPZHEUUIPOBMSHOPE PVTBCHBOYE + PRSHHF RTPYCHPDUFCHEOOOPK DESFEMSHOPUFY HAQIDA CHSHCHUPLNESHPCHPVTCHBMS DESFEMSHOPUFY CHCHBAEEZP PVYAEDOEOIS Y THLPCHPDYFEMSH FTBOURPTFOZP PVYAEDOEOIS.

d.mAZBK, FBLTSE YUMEO rTBCHMEOYS, BLPOYUYM fBYLEOFULYK RPMYFEIOYYUEULYK HOYCHETUYFEF, BLEYEBM DYUUETFBGYY FBN CE RP ZBCHPNKh DEMKCHVCHOFBH, OP PRVCHPCHOFBKH, OP PRVCHPCHOPFBKH. EF, CH TPUUYKULPK OBKHLE OYUEN UEVSOE RTPSCHYM. rPFPNKh L YUYUMH RTPZHEUUIPOBMPCH EZP NPTsOP PFOEUFY CHEUSHNB HUMCHOP.

yb 23 THLPCHPDYFEMEK derbtfbneofpch zbrtpnb FPMShLP 3 Yuempchchelb pfcheyubaf rtpzheuuypobmshoshchn ftevpchboysn. rTY LFPN, TBUUNPFTYN FTHDPCHPK RHFSH THLPCHPDYFEMS PDOPZP Y' CHEDHEYI derbtfbneofpch RP DPVSCHUE Zbbb h.yuETERBOPCHB. RTPYEM RHFSH PF TSDPCHPZP ZEPMPZB DP 'BN.DYTELFPTTB RP ZEPMPZYY "OBDSCHNZBRTPNB" ga ko'ra, YMI RP UPCHTENEOOPNKH OBCHBOYA "ZBRTPNDPVSHCHUB OBDSCHN". ko'ra RPMHYUYM IPTPIEEE VBCHPPE PVTBPCHBOYE CH nzh HAQIDA ZEPMPZYUEULPN ZBLKHMSHFFEFE, B OBFEN TBVPFBM RPD OBYUBMPN RETCHPLMBUOSCHI RTPNSCHUMPCHSCHI ZEPMPZYEULPN HAQIDA rp "OBDSCHNZBERTPN" qismi. CHRPMOE NPTsOP DPRHUFYFSH, YuFP LBL RTPNSCHUMPCHSHCHK ZEPMPZ PO UPUFPSMUS, Y EUMMY VSCH EZP OBOBYUYMY ZMBCHON ZEPMPZPN zBRTPNB, YFP VSHMP VSH CHRPMOECHNFCHN MPZPY- UBAF THLPCHPDYFEMEN DERBTFBNEOFB DPVSHCHUIY ZBB. b CHPF LFP OPOUEUOU, PO OE CHMBDEEF RTPZHEUYPOBMSHOSHCHNY BOBOISNY RP DPVSHYUE ZBB, BOBOISNY P LPNRTEUUPTBI, BVUPTVETBI, UERBTTBFPTBI, ZHYYYUEULYI BRETBEDBI YRETBEDBI. LFY BOBOIS OE CHIPDSF CH RTEDNEF PVCYUEOYS ZEPMPZCH nzh, OP UBNPE ZMBCHOPE PO VSCHM CHEUSHNB DBMEL Y HAQIDA RTPNSCHUM PF CHPNPTSOPUFY RPMKHYUEOYS RTBLFYUEBOSHUEBBB. CHPNPTSOP, CHRPMOE LPNREFEOFOPZP UREGYBMYUFB CH PDOPK PVMBUFY HAQIDA DPMTSOPUFSH, ZDE ON OE LPNREFEOFEO, OP OHTSEO LPNH-FP Y FPR-NEOEDTSETCH MYUOP, ON UCHPK.

h.yETERBOPC PRHVMYLPCHBM CH PDOPN Y RPUMEDOYI OPNETCH TSKHTOBMB "ZBCHBS RTPNSCHYMEOOPUFSH" UFBFSHA. y FPC RP UHEEUFCHH RETCHPK Y RTPZTBNNOPK UFBFSHY UMEDHEF, UFP YuEMPCHEL OE RPOINBEF, YUEN THLPCHPDYF. uFBFShS UPUFPYF Y' RETEYUYUMEOIS PVEEYYCHEUFOSHCHI ZBLFPCH RTPYCHPDUFCHEOOOPK DEFEMSHOPUFY zBRTPNB H PVMBUFY DPVSHCHYU ZBB. oP FFP CHUE VSCHMP UDEMBOP EZP RTEDYUFCHEOOILBNY. eZP BDBYUB VSCHMB CHSHCHSCHYFSH RTPVMENSCH, OETEEOOOSCHE BDBYUY Y ULBBFSH, LBL PO UPVYTBEFUS YI TEYBFSH UP UCHPYN LPMMELFYCHPN Y LBLIE UTEDUFCHB DMS FFZP FFZP. sFP UFBODBTF DMS THLPCHPDYFEMS. eUMY THLPCHPDYFEMSHOE URPUPVEO UZHPTNKHMYTPCHBFSH VMYTSBKYE Y PFDBMEOOOSCHE BDBYUB DMS UCHPEZP LPMMELFICHB, FP BYUEN OHTSEO FBLPK THLPCHPDYFEMSH? uEMPCHEL OE UCHPEN NEUFE HAQIDA.

DMS FPZP, YUFPVSHCHOE PVCHYOYMY H ZPMPUMPCHYY - PDOB CHBTSOEKYYI RTPVMEN UEVEUFPYNPUFY DPVSHCHYUY, YuFP PVCUMPCHMEOP XIKHDYOYEN TEUKHTUOPK VBSHCH Y YUFCHOE PVCHYOYMY H ZPMPUMPCHYY, PDOB CHBTSOEKYYI RTPVMEN UEVEUFPYNPUFY FEIOYUUEULPK Y FEIOPMPZYUEULPK VBPK, PUPVEOOP CH VKhTEOYY Y RPMOSHCHN RTCHBMPN CH OBKHLE Y YOOPCHBGYSI, OP PV LFPN DBMEE. h.yUETERBOPH LFH RTPVMENKH CHPPVEE OE HRPNYOBEF CH UFBFSH.

eEJ IHCE PVUFPYF DEMP U DTHZYN OPCHSCHN OBOBYEOGEN - THLPCHPDYFEMEN DERBTFBNEOFB UFTFEZYUEULPZP TBCHYFYS Y YUMEOPN rTBCHMEOYS zBRTPNB d.mAZBENB. RP UHEEUFCHH LFP "ZBUFBTVBKFET" Yb hVELYUFBOB, OP OE LBNEOEIL YMY DCHPTOYL, B VPMEE CHSHCHUPLPK LCHBMYZHYLBGYY. OP LFH LCHBMYZHYLBGYA OHTSOP RPDFCHETSDBFSH. dBCE DMS CHPDYFEMEK Y UPRTEDEMSHOSHI UFTBO TEYYMY, UFP YN OEPVIPDYNP RPDFCHETSDBFSH LCHBMYZHYLBGYA RKHFEN UDBYUY LLBNEOPCH RP CHPTSDEOYA H tPUUYY. b FHF ZPTBDP VPMEE PFCHEFUFCHEOOBS TBVPFB, B RPDFCHETSDEOYS EZP LCHBMYZHYLBGYY NSCH OE CHYDYN.

d.mAZBK RPYGYPOYTHEF UEVS LBL HYUEOSCHK, PO TBVPFBM 'BN.DYTELFPTTB choyzbbB, RTBCHDB CH RETYPD RPMOPK DEZTBDBGYY PFTBUMECHPK OBKHLY, RP UTBZCHTPFN, RP UTBZTPFNHOP, RP UTBZTPZFN. BM. b UFP UDEMBM? PUOPCHOPK EZP TBVPFPK, LBL PO 'BSCHMSEF, SCHMSEFUS "YOUFTHLGYS RP YUUMEDPCHBOYA ZBPCHSHCHI ULCHBTSYO" RPZPPFPCHMEOOBS YN CH UPBCHFPTUFCHE U z. uFH UIFHBGYA NPTsOP RTPLPNNEOFYTPCHBFSH UMEDHAEIN PVTBPN. oELFP HLTBM ULTYRLH uFTBDYCHBTY, FTEVHAEKHA LPUNEFYUEULPZP TENPOFB, LPE-ZDE MBL PVMHRYMUS Y UFTHOSHCH OCHTSOP RPDFSOHFSH. CHSHCHRPMOYCH LFP, OPCHSHCHK CHMBDEMEG PYASCHMSEF, UFP LFP PO UDEMBM ULTYRLH, OP NKHSHCHLBOFSH Y NBUFETB YJZPFPCHMEOYS ULTYRPL RTELTBUOP OBAF LFPTRLFYPPYPYPYPYPYPYP , ZMBB TULTSCCHBAFUUS PF HDYCHMEOYS PF WEURBTDPOOPC OBZMPUFY. zhHODBNEOFBMSHOSHCHE PUOPCHSHCH ZBPZYDTPDYOBNYUEULYI YUUMEDPCHBOYK ZBPCHSCHI ULCHBTSYO 40 MEF FPNKh OBBD UDEMBM LPMMELFYCH UPFTKHDOILPCH choyzbb RDFCHPCHPCH choyzbb RDFCHPCHP. TBCHDB Ch FP CHTENS CHUEZP L.F.O., OP LFP OBEF MAVPK UREGIBMYUF YNEAEIK ZBPCHPE PVTBBPCHBOYE.

RTY CHUEN NPEN HCHBTSEOYY L RETCHPLMBUOPNKH YOTSEOETH (VSCHYENH ZMBCHOPNKH YOTSEOETH "hTEOZPKZBRTPN") RTETPZBFYCHB ZMBCHOSHI ZEPMPZCH PVYAEDOEOIS, r.HYOPYHETUMEYBH, r.ZETPUDEUMEYBH, Y.Z. EDCHBOYK. OP POY OE RTEFEODHAF HAQIDA UPUFBCHMEOYE YOUFTHLGYY RP YUUMEDPCHBOYA ZBPCHSCHI ULCHBTSYO - FFP ZPTBDP VPMEE ULTPNOSHCHE MADY. y.bMYECH - VSCHM CH UPUFBCHE LPMMELFYCHB choyzbB, UPUFBCHYCHYEK YOUFTHLGYA, Y ZHPTNBMSHOP, PO YNEEF RTBCHP HAQIDA UPHYBUFYE CH "YOUFTKHLGYYY", OPFUFUPPYEHLYB, OPFUPBOPPZP. rTP d.mAZBS ZPCHPTYFSH CHPPVEE OE P Yuen. eUMY CHETOHFUS L BOBMPZYY UP ULTYRLPK uFTBDYCHBTY - EZP TPMSh VSHMB RTYOEUFY MBL Y RPDCHBMB.

x YuEMPCHELB OEF OILBLYI DPUFYTSEOIK Y XUREIPCH, PO OE Ch UPUFPSOYY DBCE OBRYUBFSH RTPZTBNNOKHA UFBFSHHA, LPFPTHA NPTsOP RPLTYFYLPCHBFSH LBL OBRYEUBOOHACHyu h. rPMHYUBEFUS, UFP CHPNPTSOP IPTPYYE PFOPYEOIS U ENMSLPN - bMYYETPN hUNBOPCHSHCHN PRTDEDMSAF OBEBYEOOYE HAQIDA PHO Y ChBTSOEKYI DPMTSOPUFEK CH zBTTPNE.

fBLPE OBOBYUEOYE - ' 'BN.DYTELFPTCH oy THLPCHPDYFEMEN' DERBTFBNEOFB UFTFEZYUEULPZP TBCHYFIS zBRTPNB VEURTEGEDEOFOP 'B CHUA EZP YUFPTYA, LFH DYTELFSHBOTYA, LFH DPMYOTSBOSOV NOSHCHE Y LCHBMYZHYGYTPCHBOOSCHE Y' zMBCHOSCHI YOTSEOETPCH PVYAEDDOEOYK. sing BOBA TEBMSHOPE UPUFPSOYE FEIOYYUEULPK VBSC, TEYBAF NOPZYE FEIOYYUEULIE Y FEIOPMPZYUEULIE RTPVMENSCH, CH LKhTUE OBHYUOP-FEIOYYUEULPZP RTPZTEUOBCHOOUB, UPOSBCHOOSBCHOOSB, UPOSBCHOOSB PCHPEOYE OPCHSHCHI PVYAELFCH. h FFPN PFOPIEOYY OBBYUEOYE HAQIDA LFH DPMTSOPUFSH, HRPNSOHFPZP z. OP FYN FTEVPCHBOYSN ZPURPDYO d. fBLPE OBOBYEOOYE FFP RPMOBS DEZTBDBGYS LBDTPCHPK RPMYFYLY Y CHYOPCHBF CH FFPN MYUOP b.nymmet. bFBLYE OBOBYUEOYS OHTSOP UOYNBFSH U DPMTSOPUFY ZPURPDYOB b.nymmetb.

LBDTPCHSCHE CHPRTPUSCH, BL LPFPTSHCHE PFCHEYUBEF MYUOP b.nymmet, Chshchshchchbaf OENBMPE HDYCHMEOYE. rp LBLPNH RTYOGYRH OBOBUBUBAFUS NEOEDCETSCH LPNRBOYY? ch.tHUBLPCHB - UNEOIMB ch.TEKHOEOLP (Yb VSCCHYI zMBCHOSHI YOCEOETCH) DPMTSOPUFY THLPCHPDYFEMS DERBTFBNEOFB UFTTBFEZYUEULPZP TBCHYFYS HAQIDA. fp vYPZTBZHYA h.tKHUBLPCHPK FEBFEMSHOP PFTEDBLFYTPCHBMY - HVTBMY, UCHEDEOYS, UFP CH PUOPCHOPN POB TBVPFBMB RMBOPCHYLPN, B HRTBCHMEOYY UFTTBFEZYUEULPCHMBBSKBHP YUEFPCH TBMYUOSCHI RTPELFPC, OP OEF, OH PDOPC EJ TBVPFSCH CH PVMBUFY UFTFEZYY TBCHYFYS - POB LFPNKH OE YNEMB OILBLLPZP PFOPIEOYS.

tBOEE RTY h.TEKHOEOLP, hRTBCHMEOYE OBKHLY Y OPCHPK FEIOYLY BLNSCHLBMPUSH HAQIDA RTPYCHPDUFCHEOOOSCHK VMPL Y RPDYUYOSMPUSH b.boBOOEOLPCHH. h 2003 ZPDKh RTBLFYUEULY RETCHPE, YuFP UDEMBMB h.THUBLPCHB, DPVYMBUSH RETERPDYOEOYS DERBTFBNEOFB Y UPPFCHEFUFCHEOOP hRTBCHMEOYS OBKHLY Y OPCHPK FEIOSHMEOYB, .nYMMETH. obkhlkh zbrtpnb UFBMY LKHTYTPCHBFSH b.nymmet Y h.tkhublpchb, L LPFPTPK POBOE YNEMB OY LBLPZP PFOPIEOYS, CHRTPYUEN, LBL Y L RTPYYCHPDUFCHEOOOPK DEFEMSHOPUFY. RTPUFP UDEMBMY LBOBM UMYCHB DEOEZ, SLPVSCH HAQIDA OBHLH. da 2003 ZPDB "URYUBMY HAQIDA OBHLH" RTYNETOP NYMMMYBTD DPMMBTCH. uEZP DPVIMYUSH? h.tHUBLPCHB HYMB HAQIDA REOUYA, FPZDB OKHTSOP URTPUYFSH b.nymmetb - PO TSE MYUOP PFCHEYUBM OB TBUIPDPCHBOYE UTEDUFCH H DBOOPN OBRTBCHMEOYY.

eEJ OEDBCHOP RTPYCHPDUFCHEOOP-DPVSCCHBAEYK VMPL HRTBCCHMEOYS zBRTPNB CHPZMBCHMSM RETCHSHCHK IBN. rTEDUEDBFEMS rTBCHMEOYS b.boBOEOLPC. FP CHRPMOE MPZYUOP, PUPVEOOP HYUYFSHCHCHBS FP, YUFP "ZhZHELFYCHOSCHE NEOEDTSETSHCH" CH PUOPCHOPN RTYYMY YY RYFETULPZP RPTFB Y RTYOYNBFSH PFCHEOSCHEFUFCYSE, CH UPUFPSOY CHUMEDUFCHIE FEIOYUUEULPK VEIZTBNPFOPUFY. OP b.BOBOOEOLPCHB RPUME LPNBODYTPCHLY CH YTLHFUL HAQIDA lBCHSCHLFYOULPE NEUPPTPTTSDEOYE VE PYASUOEOYS RTYUOYOSCH PFRTBCHMSAF HAQIDA REOUYA, DPUTPYUOP TBBPTCHB. MPZYUOP VSCHMP VSC, EUMY DBCE ON UCHETIM LBLHA-FP MYUOKHA PYVLH, BLNEOYFSH EZP HAQIDA DTHZPZP BOMBMPZYUOPZP UREGIBMYUFB, OP FBLTS Y VSHCHYI ZEOETYCHMCHOMCHYOSHMHOMBFB. VIEDYOEOYK RTPZHYMSHOSCHI DPUETOYI PVEEUFCH. pDOBLP LFPZP OE RTPYUIPDYF, VPMEE FPZP, HRTBDOSEFUUS UBNB DPMTSOPUFSH RETCHPZP mlrd. rTEDUEDBFEMS RP RTPYCHPDUFCHEOOPNKH VMPLH. UFP b.NYMMET Y EZP "RPTFPCHBS VTYZBDB" HCE OBULPMSHLP RPOBMY ZBCHPE DEMP, UFP UBNY UNPZKhF HRTBCHMSFSH FBLYN VMPLPN?

b.nYMMET HCE VPMEE 12 MEF ChPYZMBCHMSEF pbp zBRTPN. dPUFBFPYUOPE CHTENS DMS FPZP, UFPVSCH UPUFBCHYFSH PVYAELFYCHOKHA LBTFYOKH FPZP, UFP UDEMBOP, Y, UFP OE UDEMBOP. OBYUBM TBVPFKH ON RMPIP, U ZTHVSCHI PYVPL UFPYCHYI tPUUY UPFO NYMMMYPOCH DPMMBTCH, EUMY OE NYMMMYBTDSCH DPMMBTCH - PV LFPN HCE RYUBMY, CH YFPN FPN FPN YUYTBBREKCH, CH YUYYUMECH PNPTSOP VSHMP TEYFSH ChPRTPU FTBOURPTFYTPCHLY ZBBB Ch PVIPD HLTBYOSCH VE UFTPIFEMSHUFCHB " ACOPZP" RPFPLB, UFP ULPOPNYMP VSCHMP PZTPNOSCHE UTEDUFCHB. rTPCHBM H RETEZPCHPTBI, LPFPTSCHI X tPUUYY Y zBRTPNB VSHCHMY PYUEOSH UETSHESHE RPYGYY HAQIDA.

bFEN RPUMEDPCHBM RTPCHBM CH JYOMSODYY. lPZDB OEUPZMBUPCHBOOPUFSH DEKUFCHYK U b.YUHVBKUPN RTYCHEMB L FPNKh, UFP CHNEUFP DPTPZPZP ZBBCH ZJOMSODYA RPUFBCHYMY DEYECHHA LMELFTPIOETZYAMEPUGPRFYBFYB MSHOSCHI YOCHEUFYGYK) U GEMSHHA HCHEMYYUEOIS RTPYCHPDYFEMSHOPUFY RPDBYUY ZBB zhYOMSODYA HAQIDA. HVSHCHFLY tPUUYY Y'NETSAFUS UPFOSNNY NMO. DPMMBTPCH. OILFP OE PFCHEFYM, SB LFP LLPOPNYUEULPE RTEUFHRMEOYE YMY ZHBOFBUFYUEULHA ZMHRPUFSH Y OERTPZHEUUIPOBMYIN "RYFETULYI".

NETSDHOBTPDOPC BTEOE HAQIDA, RTETSDE CHUEZP CH ECHTPRE RTY LLURPTFFE ZBB Ch DBMSHOEKYEN b.nymmet UFBM VPMEE BDELCBFOP BEEYEBFSH YOFETEUSCH tPUUY Y CHSHCHDETSBM VEURTETSDE CHUEZP BOUTTEGEDOecht HAQIDA UYY, OE HDBMPUSH RTECHTBFIFSH TPUUYKULYK ZBH "LPMPOYBMSHOSHCHK FPCBT" - FFP ENH CH RMAU.

OP CHOKHFTY tPUUYY. lBL HCE ZPCHPTYM, PDOB YLMAYUECHSHI RTPVMEN BLMAYUBEFUS CH FPN, UFP X zBRTPNB UEVEUFPYNPUFSH DPVSHCHYUY ZBB OERTETSHCHOP TBUFEF. uEVEUFPYNPUFSH DPVSHCHUY TBOOEK HAQIDA UFBDYY HTEOZPKULPZP NEUPPTPTTSDEOYS UPUFBCHMSMB 1.5 DPMM/FSHCHU.N3. UEKYUBU HAQIDA UBKFE zBRTPNB (CH UFBFSE lTKhZMPCHB) UTEDOSS UEVEUFPYNPUFSH UPUFBCHMSEF 15 DPMM / FSHCHU.N3, RP DBOOSCHN FSHCHU.N3, RP DBOOSCHN URPTOPZP lLURETFB lPTYuCHOB lLURETFB -MM3SHLYCHOB0. . RP OBYN PGEOLBN PCHPEOYE vPCHBOEOLPCHULPZP NEUFPPTTSDEOYS HAQIDA SNBME Y RHEEOOPZP 'BRPMSTOPZP NEUPPTTSDEOYS - UEOPNBOB OE DPMTSOP VSHCHFSH UHEEUCHOPCHOPCHEPCHP. LBLHA RPLBTSHF UEVEUFPYNPUFSH - LFP ChPRTPU "RTBCHYMSHOPZP RTEDUFBCHMEOYS NBFETYBMPCH", PRFYNYBGYY OBMPZPPVMPTSEOIS.

CHPOYLBEF CHPRTPU - NPTSEF VSHCHFSH LFP PVYAELFYCHOSCHK RTPGEUU, UCHSBOOSHCHK U HIKHDYOYEN TEUXTUOPK VBSHCH RTY UPITBOEOYY FTBDYGYPOOSCHI FEIOPMPZYK. h LFPN NPTsOP XUPNOYFSHUS. uEOPNBO 'BRPMSTOPZP Y vPCHBOEOLPCHULPZP, DPUFBFPYuOP VMY'PL L khTEOZPKULPNKh. dB, FBN VPMEE UHTCHBS NET'MPFOBS UIFHBHYS (IPFS DBCE HAQIDA SNBME H OYE FEYEOIS TEL, B YI FBN NOPZP, NETMPFOBS UIFHBHYS VMYLB L  hTEOZPKULPK).

EUFSH MY RTYNETSC UHEEUFCHEOOPZP WOYTSEOIS UEVEUFPINPUFY DPVSHYU ZBB B H NYTE - DB. NPTE H DCHB TO OPTCHETSGSCH H HISOB! tbb uoyymy ueveufpynpufsh dpvschyuy y ufbmy lpolkhteofoshchny ch echtpre b UYUEF UCHETIOUFCHPCHBOYS FEIOPMZYY NPTULPZP VKhTEOYS Y PUCHPEOYS ULCHBTSYO. h uyb TEELP UOYYMYY UEVEUFPYNPUFSH DPVSHYUY ZBBB CH OEFTBDYGYPOOSCHI OBMETSBI, CH UMBOGECHSCHI PFMPTSEOISI - FFP ZhBLF. bOBMPZYS U OPTCHETSGBNY CHRPMOE LPTTELFOB - PVYAELFSC TBTBVPFLY U ZEPMPZYUEULPK UFPTPPOSH RTYNETOP PDYOBLPCHSC, OP RTPVMENSCH UPPTHTSEOIS HAQIDA NPTE YMY H NETUEPPENHEMPFERTFEYY -

LBL HCE ZPCHPTYM LFP RTPYUIPDYF CH HUMPCHYSI PZTPNOSCHI TBUIPPDCH HAQIDA OBHLH RPTSDLB 100 NMO.DPMMBTCH H ZPD - QAYERDA TEEKHMSHFBFSCH ?! ULMBDSCHCHBEFUS NOOEOYE, UFP OELPNREFEOFOSCHE MADY Y' LPNBODSCH b.nymmetb TEYBAF CHUE RTPVMENSCH OE B UYUEF "OPKh-IBKh" Y RTYCHMEYUEOYS BCHUPPLLMBUOSCHUESCHUYSCHUYF, GEOSCH ZBB. nPFYCHYTHS LFP RPCHSHCHYOYE GEOSCH ZBB DPZPCHPTEOOPUFSNY U chfp P TBCHOPDPIPDOPUFY VYOEUB CHOHFTY tPUUYY Y CHOE.

UTEDY LURETFPCH Y'CHEUFOB UFBFYUFYLB - RTY ZTBNPFOPK TBTBVPFLY ZBCHPZP NEUPPTPTTSDEOYS, POP CH RBDBAEHA DPVSHCHYUH RETEIPDYF RTY PFVPTE 50%BUCHF. RTY CHSIYTECH NEDCHETSHE NEUFPPTTSDEOYE RETEYMP CH RBDBAEKHA DPVSHCHYUH RPUME PFVPTB 60% PF SBBRBUCH - LFP CHSHUYK LMBUU RTPZHEUUYPOBMY'NB TBVPFLY.

sNVKhTZULPE NEUFPTPTSDEOYE RTY b.nYMMETE RETEYMP CH RBDBAEKHA DPVSHCHYUH RPUME PFVPTB 40% BRBUCH. fP RMPIP. uchsbop fpp u oedpufbfpyuoshchny yocheufygysny o puchpeoye boetyasiyoulpk y ibtchkhfyoulpk rmpebdek. DEOSHZY RPYMY HAQIDA VPMEE "OKHTSOSCHE GEMY", BY UYUEF ChBTCHBTULPK LURMHBFBGYY OEDT. tPUUYKULBS PVEEUFCHEOOPUFSH PLBBMBUSH CHOE LFPK RTPVMENSCH. UOYTSEOYE PFDBYUY OEDT - LFP OE FPMSHLP OBTKHYEOYE UZMBYEOIS P OEDTPRPMShPCHBOYY, OP, Y CH LPOEYUOPN UYUEFE PZTBVMEOYE OBYI DEFEK Y CHOHLPCH.

pDOIN Y' PUOPCHOSHI DPUFYTSEOIK, LPFPTSCHN ZPTDYFUS "RIFETULBS LPNBODB NEOEDTSETCH" - FFP TELPE HCHEMYYUEOYE LBRYFBMYYBGYY LPNRBOYY (IPFS FBLHA VBSCSC, UBFCHOSHI LPNRBOYY) YTECHB, CHPNPTSOP, TEYMYMY VSHCHOE IHCE). tPUF LBRYFBMYBGYY LPNRBOY YYEM DP 2008 ZPDB, B BLFEN LBRYFBMYBGYS TEELP WOYYMBUSH. CHSCSUOYMPUSH, UFP RPCHSHCHIEOYE LBRYFBMYBGYY LPNRBOYY, ULPTEEE OE BUMHZB LPNBODSCH "RYFETULYI NEOEDTSETCHPCH", B OELIK PVEYK RTPGEUU, UCHSBOOSHCHKNYTBUSCHBOYFYTP U YOCHEUCHBOYTPYTP. fPZDB CH YUEN, TSE YI BUMBHZB?

y UPUFBCHB BLGIPOETCH pbp zBRTPN CHCHYMY UFTTBFEZYUEULYE YOCHEUFPTSCH - RTYUYOB RPOSFOB, RPMYFYLH PVEEUFCHB HAQIDA SING OE CHMYSAF, ZDE "TBBVBTYYEUFCHBFYTP"UFTBTYCHBHOFYFYY" CH, OEGEMECHPE ZHJOBOUYTPCHBOYE, UPNOYFEMSHOSHCHE CHSHCHPDSH Y RTYPVTEFEOYE BLFICHPCH. b TPUYKULYE NYOPTYFBTOSCHE BLGIPOETSC? sing CHPPVEE CHMYSAF HAQIDA YOCHEUFYGIPOOKHA RPMYFYLH pbp zBRTPN YMY CHPPVEE OBAF P OEK UFP OYVHDSH? CHEDSH CHOSFOSHCHI PYASUOEOYK YOCHEUFYGIPOOPK RPMYFILY OEF OY DMS BLGIPOETCH, OH DMS ZTBTSDBO tPUUYY.

dPLMBDSCHCHBAF, UFP RTY NYMMETE TEUKHTUOBS VBB ZBPPCHPK RTPNSCHIMEOOPUFY, RTETSDE CHUEZP zBRTPNB OE HNEOSHYBEFUS, "BBRBUSCH OE RTPEDBAFUS". dB, OP RTY LFPN ChSCHSUOSEFUS, UFP LBYUEUFCHP BRBUCH, YMY RP DTHZPNH, UFTHLFHTTB BRBUCH UHEEUFCHEOOP HIHDYBEFUUS. FP EUFSH RPDDETSBOYE BRBUCH HAQIDA RPUFPSOOPN HTPCHOE DPUFYZBEFUS b UYUEF RETEUYUEFB RBTBNEFTCH, DPTBECHEDLY, YMY PFLTSCHFIS OEVPMSHYYI YOE PYUEOSHEFOSHEFOSPUCHEUCHEU. b CHUE IPTPYYE BRBUSCH - LBL TB RTPEDBAFUS. FP OBSCCHCHBEFUUS "RHUlbfsh rshchmsh h zmbbjb".

zBYZHYLBGYS. dPLMBDSCHCHBAF P DPUFYTSEOISI, YuFP RP NOPZYN TEZYPOBN ZBYZHYLBGYS DPUFYZMB RTEDEMSHOPZP HTPCHOS LPOPNYUEULPK GEMEUPPVTB'OPUFY. oP CHPKOILBEF CHPRTPU - B FBL MY YFP? UEKYUBU RTPTSYCHBA H CHILD bilan. iPFEYU PTEIPCHP-JHECHULPZP TBKPOB rPDNPULPCHS. RP RMBOBN ZBJYZHYLBGYY LFB LTHROBS DETECHOSS ZBJYZHYGYTPCHBOB CH 2008 ZPDH, B TEBMSHOP ZBBJB OEF YH 2013 ZPDH, VPMEE FPZP, LFP OEBSJHYLBGYY, LFP OEBSJYLBGYYTP, DETECHOSS OBSJYGYTPCHBOB. UPVPMECHP, BDNYOYUFTBFICHOSCHK GEOPHT FBLCE OE ZBYZHYGYTPCHBO. FP EUFSH DPUFYTSEOIS CH PVMBUFY ZBYZHYLBGYY BYUBUFHA OPUSF YUYUFP VKHNBTSOSHCHK IBTBLFET, B TEBMSHOP YI OEF.

OHTSOP HFPYUOYFSH, UFP OE FPMSHLP zBRTPN PFCHEFUFCHEOEO bb ZhBMSHUYZHYLBGYY, OP Y NEUFOSHCHE bDNYOYUFTBGYY, CH YUBUFOPUFY RTY ZTPNPCHE ZTPNPCHE ZCHPYUFCHYTPYTPYHK" RYTPCHBOSH DP RTEDEMB" - 'B RPDLMAYUEOYE PFDEMSHOPZP DPNYLB HAQIDA DBYuOPN HYUBUFLE FTEVPCHBMY 400 FSHCHU. THVMEK, U DETECHEOULYI CYFEMEK RPNEOSHYE, OP CHUE TBCHOP DMS PVSCHUOSHI TSIFEMEK LFP VSCHMY OERPDYAENOSHCHE UTEDUFCHB. IPFS HCE DBCHOP TBTBVPFBOSHCH NEIBOYNSCH TBUUTPYUEOOOSCHI RMBFETSEK, OP LFP OE ChSCHZPDOP "LPTTHRGIPOETBN" Y FY NEIBOYNSCH OE YURPMSHHAF.

TBZPCHBTYCHBM U RTEDUFBCHYFEMSNY LPNRBOYK BOINBAEYIUS "RTYUPEDYOEOYEN" - S LBL ZBPCHSHCHK YOTSEOYET, Y URPUPVOSHCHK UDEMBFSH BTYJNEFYUEULYE RTEDUFYFEMSNY LPNRBOYK RPOHYEULYE DEKUFCHYS RPKYFYLE, SH IBFTBFSCH DBCE HAQIDA RPTSDPL OYCE RTYOSFSHCHI, B PFLHDB YI GYZHTSCH? NOE PFCHEYUBMY - NSC RTEDUFBCHMSEN "VPECHPE VTBFUFCHP" Y TBVPFBEN HAQIDA "LBTNBO" zTPPNCHB, RPFPNKh - OE UKHKUS CH OBY VYOEU. lPOEYUOP, LFP NPZMY VSHCHFSH FPMShLP UMCHB, OP LBTFYOB FP, PVEBS RP rPDNPULPCSHHA.

rPYUENKh TSE ZBRTPN NYTYFUS U FBLPC "VKhNBTsOPK" ZBYZHYLBGYEK. CHEDSH LBMBPUSH VSC, POI BYOFETEUPCHBOSCCH CH HCHEMYYUEOYY JBLFYUEULPZP UVSCHFB RTYVSCHMSHOPK RTPDHLGYY? h YUEN CE CHSCZPDB zBRTPNB? b ChSCHZPDB ULPTEE H HLPLMBOPCHSHI YOFETEUBI - ZBYZHYLBGYA HAQIDA zBRTPN UPVYTBEF DEOSHZY UP CHUEK tPUUYY, B LPOGEOFTYTHEF YI CH RYFETE. UPDBMY zBRTPNTEZYPOZB RPD ZBJYZHYLBGYA, UBTEZYUFTYTPCHBMY CH RYFETE, RPUFTPYMY "FTHVH RP LPFPTPK ZB OE YDEF", BNPTFYBGYPOOSCHE PFUYZHYLBGYA, UBTEZYUFTYTPCHBMY CH RYFETE.

d.nedchedech 'BSCHYM, UFP RPD ZBJYZHYLBGYA ZPUHDBTUFCHPN VHDHF CHSHCHDEMEOSCH 5 NMTD.THVMEK FP YuFP zBRTPNTEZYPOZB YI RPMHYUYF - UPNOOYK OEF ZDBTSYUYF - UPNOOYK OEF ZDPJTCHPDFP BOYOB - H FFPN EUFSH VPMSHYE UPNOEOIS. (rPUME CHSCHVPTPCH ZHVETOBFPTB nPULPCHULPK PVMBUFY, Z-O chPTPVSHECH UPPVEIM, UFP ON OBBLPN U RTPVMENPK YOE RPJCE 2017 ZPDB CH FPN YUYUME Y OBYBYBCHDEFTPY ZPDB CH FPN YUYUME Y VBYBCHDEFTPB. OCHPUFSH!)

rTEYIDEOF tPUUY ZPCHPTYF P LPOUETCHBFYNE LBL PUOPCHE HUFPKYUYCHPZP DCHETEOIS CHRETED, IPTPYP, OP TBUUNPFTYN TEOYOYE LBDTPCHSCHI CHPRTPPUCH CH TPPVCHSHI CHPTPPUCH CH PBTCHPYS FTPPYPYPYz TPCHOS. CHEDSH ZBRTPN DBMELP OE EDYOUFCHEOOBS OEJFEZBCHBS LPNRBOIS CH NYTE. LBL PVUFPIF DEMP H RETEDPCHSCHI OEJFEZBPCHSCHI LPNRBOIS RP PTZBOYBGYY LBDTPCHPK RPMYFYLY?

UREGYBMYUFSHCH ZHITNSCH bNPLP, LPFPTBS CH OBUFPSEEE CHTENS CHPYMB CH UPUFBCH th CH CH UCHPE CHTENS BLFYCHOP TBVPFBMY U TPUUIKULYNY UREGYBMYUFBNYB RTPMYB RPUBYN UREGYBMYUFBNYB RTPMYB RPUB, FO SCHIE WEUEDBY HOBFSH LBL POI PTZBOY'HAF TBVPPHH U LBDTBNY. h MAVPN UMKHYUBE, LPOEYUOP, EUFSH UPYEFBOYE PVYAELFYCHYYNB Y UHVYAELFICHYYYNB RTY RPCHSHCHIEOYY CH DPMTSOPUFY, OP POY RTYOYNBAF NETSHCH DMS UPLTYOYNBAF NETSHCH DMS UPTBYOFTEBEBEEOYRS. Y. TEYUSH YDEF, RTETSDE CHUEZP, P FPR-NEOEDTSETBI, YI RETENEEEOOYE PFUMETSYCHBAF DBMELP OE ZHPTNBMSHOP, OBYYOBS U PLPOYUBOYS LPMMEDTSB Y RPUFHRMEOYS CH LPNRMEOYS CH LPNRMEOYS CHYTPSHCHVs.

RTY LFPN RETURELFYCHOSCHE NPMPDSHCHE UPFTHDOYLY, RTPTTBVPFBCH 3-4 ZPDB HAQIDA PDOPN NEUFE, PVSBFEMSHOP TBUUNBFTYCHBAFUUS LBDTPCHPK UMHTsVPK DMS RETURELFYCHOSCHE MMHTsVPK DMS RETEVEEPEYPY, MRTPTTBVPFBCH 3-4 ZPDB 'POFBMY U RETEEDPN DBCE CH DTHZHA YUBUFSH UCHEFB. OP RETURELFYCHOSCHK UPFTKHDOIL OE NPTSEF 10-15 MEF UIDEFSH HAQIDA PDOPN NEUFE CH PDOPC DPMTSOPUFY, DBTSE EUMY CH FFPN BYOFETEUPCHBO (OEBYOFETEUPCHBO) OEBYOFETEUPCHBO) EZP OERPUOSCHBODUBMILIK. at DTHZPK UFPTPPOSH UREGYBMYUF OE NPTCEF RETEULPYUYFSH YUETE LBDTPCHHA UFKHREOSH, UFP URMPYSH Y TSDPN NSCH CHYDYN CH zBRTPNE. LBDTSCH - LFP VPZBFUFCHP LPNRBOY, BOE UPVUFCHEOOPUFSH PFDEMSHOPZP NEOEDCETB. RTY LFPN OE YNEEF BOBYEOOYE, PFLHDB TPDPN UREGIBMYUF, U LEN, CHNEUFE UMKHTSYM YMY DEMBM VYOYOEU, CHSFLY FPTS OE YNEAF OBBYUEOYS. bilan HCE OE ZPCHPTA, UFP U DYRMPNPN BZTPOPNB CH BRBDOPK OEGFEZBCHPK LPNRBOY UFBFSH FPR-NEODTSETPN OECHP'NPTSOP. h PTZBOYBGYY LBDTPCHPZP DEMB zBRTPN OE FPMSHLP OE RTPDCHYOHMUS HAQIDA HTPCHEOSH NYTPCHSCHI LPNRBOIK, BY UHEEUFCHEOOP PFLBFYMUS CHOY RP UTBCHOEOYA YUKARSHILGAN YUKSHIRILGAN TABLOLAR.

rTPVMENB HUHZHVMSEFUS Y FEN, UFP OERTPZHEUUIPOBMSHOSHCHK, OELPNREFEOFOSHCHK NEOEDCET UPDBEF RYTBNYDH Y' EEI VPMEE OELPNREFEOFOSCHI UCHPYI RPDYOEOONOPOUCHIPE, OERTPZHEUUIPOBMSHOSCHKH, URPUPVOHA BDELCBFOP TEYBFSH CHPOYLBAEYE RTPVMENSCH. lPMMEZY NOE UPPVEBAF P FPN, UFP HCE OE FPMSHLP obYUBMSHOILPCH OBYOBYUBAF U DYRMPNBNY BZTPOPNCH, OP Y ZMBCHOSHI YOTSEOETPCH VE CHCHUYEZP FEIOYYUEULPZCHBOYSBBP. eUMMY OBSCCHCHBFSH CHEEY UCHPYNY YNEOBNY FFP LBLPE-FP VEEKHNYE. fBLBS LBDTPCHBS RPMYFYLB NPTCEF RTYCHEUFY L CHTSCHCHBN, TBCHPTPYUEOOOSCHN ZBPRTPCHPDBN, TBNPTPTSEOOSCHN ZPTPDBN.

rTEDUFBCHMEOYS OELPFPTSHI PVSCHCHBFEMEK, UFP MAVPK DHTBL UNPTSEF TBVPFBFSH H zBRTPNE, RPFPNKh, UFP ZB UBN FEYUEF OE CHETOP, LFP OE NEOEE CHETOPBP UMPTBOSPVU YIGIT. chshch DPCHETYFE RTPCHEUFY CHBN PRETBGYA IYTHTZKH, OE YNEAEENKH UREGYBMSHOPZP PVTBBPCHBOYS Y PRSHCHFB TBVPF? OP RPYUENKh, TSE CHSH DPCHETSEFE PVEUREYEOOYE tPUUY ZBPN "RYFETULPK RPTFPPK VTYZBDE"?

h OSHOEYOYI NPULPCHULPN Y RYFETULPN PZHYUBI pbp zBRTPN PZTPNOPE YUYUMP "MYYOYI" MADEK, OP "OKHTSOSCHI" MADEK OE YNEAEYI RTPZHEUUIPOBMSHOSHCHI BOIKBOIK Y UPPFFOSCHOPFMOFCHOPFCHRUFCHRUP. SH RTPZHEUYPOBMSHOSCHE ZHHOLGYY. CHSCCHMEOYE FBLYI "MYYOYI" MADEK CHRPMOE ChP-NPTsOP HAQIDA UPCTENEOOOPK PUOPCHE - RHFEN RTYCHMEYUEOYS UREGYBMYUFCH RP FBL OBSCHCHBENSCHN DEMPCHSHCHN FBL YZDETHCHRP YZDETHCHLPPKK, PDUV CHPN RETCHPLMBUOSCHHI HYUEOSCHI, YNEAEYIUS CH tPUUYY, OBRTYNET r.EDTPCHYGLPZP, NPTsOP GEOPHTMBMSHOSHCHK BRRBTBF zBRTPNB UPLTBFYFSH HAQIDA ¾ . FP NPTsOP, OP RYFETULBS LPNBODB NEOEDTSETCH LFPZP OE IPYUEF, SOY TBUUNBFTYCHBA zBRTPN LBL DPKOHA LPTPCHH DMS OII, B OE LBL OBGIPOBMSHOPE DPUFPSOYE tPUUYY. UPDBMY TBLPCHA PRHIPMSH, LPFPTHA CHPNPTSOP, HCE OE HDBMYFSH DBCE ITHTZYYUEULYN RHFEN - EUFSH VPMSHYBS CHETPSFOPUFSH, UFP ULPTP RPZYVOEF CHEUSH PTZBOYN.

rPUMEDOEE RP LPOLTEFOSCHN MADS. rTEDUEDBFEMSH UPCHEFB DYTELFPTCH pbp zBRTPN chyLFPT 'HVLPCH OBOBBYEO ZEODYTELFPTPN "zBRTPN ZBPNPFPTOPE FPRMYCHP". FP SCHOPE RTPFYCHPTEYUYE YOFETEUPCH! da PDOPC UFPTPOSCH ON SCHMSEFUS RTEDUFBCHYFEMEN ZPUHDBTUFCHB Y DPMTSEO LBL UPVUFCHEOOOYL PFUFBYCHBFSH YOFETEUSCH ZPUHDBTUFCHB, B CH LPNRBOY. lTPNE OBYEZP ZPUHDBTUFCHB - QAYERDA FFP EEE CHPNPTSOP? URTBCHEDMYCHPUFY TBDY, DPMTSEO ULBBFSH, UFP OBOBYUEOYE h.VSHCHFSH DTHZYN HAQIDA. FP DEMP Y ZPUHDBTUFCHB - ZBJJYLBGYS UEMSHULPIPSKUFCHEOOPZP BCHFPFTBLFPTOPZP RBTLB, 'DEUSH DPMTSOB VSHFSH ZPURTPZTBNNB, UPDBOP ZPUHDBTUFCHEOOP-YUBETUFOPE RBT favqulodda holati. dBK VPZ ENH UDCHYOHFSH LFH CHBTSOEKYHA BDBYUH, OP U DPMTSOPUFY rTEDUEDBFEMS UPCHEFB DYTELFPTCH ON DPMTSEO HKFY!

CHETOKHUSH L UEVEUFPYNPUFY DPVSHYUY. PDOP Y UBNSHCHI "ZOYMSCHI" NEUF CH ZHPTNYTPCHBOY UEVEUFPYNPUFY DPVSHYU ZBB H zBRTPNE - EUFSH OEPRTBCHDBOOSCHE VBFTBFSCH VKhTEOYE HAQIDA. uOBYUBMB LLULHTU CH YUFPTYA. h UPCHEFULYE CHTENEOB NSC HUFHRBMY CH VKhTEOYY CH GEMPN BNETYLBOGBN, LBOBDGBN, BOZMYYUBOBN (payshanba), ZhTBOGKHBN (fPFBMSh), YFBMShSOGBN, OP VSCHMSCHOGBN, OP VSCHMSCHFSHMYSECHMYF BOSHI DPMPFBI Y BVPKOSCHI DCHYZBFEMSI - NSC VSHCHMY CHRETEDY RMBOEFSC CHUEK. tbchbm uuut FSCEMP HDBTIME RP VKhTEOYA, RTETSDE CHUEZP Zbpchshchi Ulchbtsyo. HYMY RETCHPLMBUOSCHE VTYZBDSH YH HLTBIOULPZP lTBUOPZPULPZP hvt, TBCHBMYMUS choyivf. NSCH VSCHMY MYDETBNY CH FHTVPVHTBI Y YI TBCHYFYY CHYOPPCHSCHI BYBVPKOSHCHI DCHYZBFEMSI.

pDYO ECHTEK Y PYO BTNSOYO CH 90-I KHEIBMY CH uyb Y zhTBOGYA Y CHSHCHCHEMY UCHPE, B ZMBCHOPE OE UCHPJ CH FEIOPMPZYY RTPIYCHPDUFCHB CHYOFPCHHI DCHYZBEKDEKFYYFYY MCHYZBBECHUPYFY. YUEULYI DCHYZBFEMEK HCE OE NSCH, B UPPFCHEFUFCHEOOP uyb Y zhTBOGYS. b FY DCHYZBFEMY - PYO Y PUOPCHOSHI LMENEOPPHCH FEIOPMPZYY VKhTEOYS ULCHBTSYO U RTPFSTSEOOSCHNY ZPTYPOFBMSHOSHCHNY UPFCHPMBNY Y UPPFCHEFUFCHEOOP FEIOPMPCHOGEZYPZYPZYP.

h OBUFPSEEE CHTENS NSC VKHTYN ULCHBTSYOSCH NEDMEOOOE CHUEI CH NYTE, U UBNSCHNY CHSHCHUPLYNY BBFTBFBNY Y EUFSH FBLPE RPOSFIE "BLBOYUYCHBOYE ULCHBTSYOSCHNE" - LPVPMYOSCHNE" - LPVPMYOSCHBOYE HPTYTPCHBOYE EI (DSHTLY RTPVYCHBAF, FEN YMY YOYOSCHN URPUPVPN), CHSHCHCH RTYFPLB Y PRETBGYY RP YOFEOUYZHYLBGYY RTYFPLB. fBL CHPF BLBOYUYCHBOYE ULCHBTSYO, H OBU UBNPE IHDYEE, OELPFPTSCHE LLURETFSHCH, CHRPMOE LCHBMYZHYGYTPCHBOOSCHE, HFCHETSDBAF, UFP H OBU "ZBYTHEF" (BLSPMBTBSCHOCHF) XTEOOBS ULCCHBTSYOB, LFP PUPVEOOP PRBUOP RTY OBMYYUY UETCHPDPTPDDUPDETTSBEYI ZBCH, FIRB BUFTBIBOY YMY PTEOVKhTZB.

Do'stlaringizga ulashing yoki o'zingiz uchun saqlang:

Yuklanmoqda...